Systematics and environmental application of the genus Trichoderma

Trichoderma, an anamorphic Hypocreaceae (class Ascomycetes), is common in the environment, especially in soils. Species of this genus have been used in the production of cellulolytic and hemicellulolytic enzymes, biological control of plant disease, biodegradation of chlorophenolic compounds, and soil bioremediation. They are also the cause of disease in commercially produced mushrooms. The species Trichoderma has not been clearly defined yet, despite being a very common fungus with an expanding number of applications. Therefore, we highlight the importance of the use of molecular techniques along with conventional methodologies based on morphological characters in order to achieve a "natural" taxonomic system for this group of fungi, as well as for any other complex group of fungi.