Molecular signals affecting PGF2α and PGE2 synthesis in bovine endometrium

The bovine endometrial tissue contains two cell biotypes with different morphophysiological characteristics: Endometrial Epithelial Cells (EEPC) and Endometrial Stromal Cells (EESC). Female cycle is determined, among other factors, by the functionality and durability of the corpus luteum (CL), which secretes progesterone (P4) for the maintenance of pregnancy. Regulation of CL is mediated by Series 2 prostaglandins, mostly PGF(2)alpha and PGE(2). The main factor is luteolytic PGF(2)alpha, whereas PGE(2) stimulates and promotes luteotrophic effects. Several molecules modulate the synthesis of PGF(2)alpha and PGE(2) in bovine endometrium, such as interferon-tau, oxytocin, estrogen, arachidonic acid (AA) and linoleic acid (LA), among others. The study of synthesis regulation of these prostaglandins is important to advance the understanding of reproductive events, allowing to develop technologies for manipulating the estrous cycle in cattle. The purpose of this review is to describe the major stimuli and molecular mechanisms that affect the synthesis of PGF(2)alpha and PGE(2) in bovine endometrium, and their effects on embryo maternal recognition window.