Tailorable Indirect to Direct Band-Gap Double Perovskites with Bright White-Light Emission: Decoding Chemical Structure Using Solid-State NMR

Efficient white-light-emitting single-material sources are ideal for sustainable lighting applications. Though layered hybrid lead-halide perovskite materials have demonstrated attractive broadband white-light emission properties, they pose a serious long-term environmental and health risk as they contain lead (Pb2+) and are readily soluble in water. Recently, lead-free halide double perovskite (HDP) materials with a generic formula A(I)(2)B'(III)B ''(I)X-6 (where A and B are cations and X is a halide ion) have demonstrated white-light emission with improved photoluminescence quantum yields (PLQYs). Here, we present a series of Bi3+/In3+ mixed-cationic Cs2Bi1-xInAgCl6 HDP solid solutions that span the indirect to direct band-gap modification which exhibit tailorable optical properties. Density functional theory (DFT) calculations indicate an indirect-direct band-gap crossover composition when x > 0.50. These HDP materials emit over the entire visible light spectrum, centered at 600 +/- 30 nm with full-width at half maxima of ca. 200 nm upon ultraviolet light excitation and a maximum PLQY of 34 +/- 4% for Cs2Bi0.085In0.915AgCl6. Short-range structural insight for these materials is crucial to unravel the unique atomic-level structural properties which are difficult to distinguish by diffraction-based techniques. Hence, we demonstrate the advantage of using solid-state nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy to deconvolute the local structural environments of these mixed-cationic HDPs. Using ultrahigh-field (21.14 T) NMR spectroscopy of quadrupolar nuclei (In-115, Cs-133, and Bi-209), we show that there is a high degree of atomic-level B'(III)/B ''(I) site ordering (i.e., no evidence of antisite defects). Furthermore, a combination of XRD, NMR, and DFT calculations was used to unravel the complete atomic-level random Bi3+/In3+ cationic mixing in Cs2Bi1-xInAgCl6 HDPs. Briefly, this work provides an advance in understanding the photophysical properties that correlate long- to short-range structural elucidation of these newly developed solid-state white-light emitting HDP materials.