Scannerless range imaging laser radar for on-orbit surveillance of space objects

The purpose of this paper is to introduce the application of scannerless range imaging (SRI) laser radar in the dynamic and real-time surveillance for cooperative and uncooperative space objects. Scannerless range imaging technique enables the capture of a full scene 3D range image in one acquisition with faster image acquisition speed. Small size, lighter weight, reduced mechanically complex and faster acquisition speed make it more fit for space borne scenario. Laser radar is based on frequency-modulated (FM) ranging principle that belongs to the time-of-flight (TOF) measurement category. In this case, the time-of-flight is converted to a beat frequency proportional to the range to be measured. This conversion is realized with intensity modulation of the laser power by a linear FM continuous wave. A summary of FM ranging theory and its application in range imaging are introduced. The system architecture and theory of operation are described. The key technologies of this type of scannerless range imaging laser radar in the application of surveillance for space objects are discussed.