Genetically Modified Crops: Towards Agricultural Growth, Agricultural Development, or Agricultural Sustainability?

The present debate on how to increase global food production in a sustainable way has focused on arguments over the pros and cons of genetically modified (GM) crops. Scientists in both public and private sectors clearly regard GM technology as a major new set of tools, whereas industry sees it as an opportunity for increased profits. However, it remains questionable whether GM crops can contribute to agricultural growth, agricultural development, and agricultural sustainability. This review paper examines and discusses the role of GM crops in agricultural growth, agricultural development, and agricultural sustainability. Although the contribution of GM crops to agriculture productivity is obvious in certain regions, their contributions to agricultural development and sustainability remain uncertain.