Cephalometric analysis following combined Sub-SMAS hyaluronic acid injection and subdermal and supraperiosteal poly-L-lactic acid injections in Asian women

Background The aging face is characterized by skin laxity and volume loss. Attenuation of facial retaining ligaments significantly contributes to skin sagginess and soft tissue volume loss. Aims We designed a prospective cohort study to quantitatively assess the efficacy of hyaluronic acid (HA) with adjunct poly-L-lactic acid (PLLA) injections in strengthening the retaining ligaments. Patients/Methods A total of 12 Asian women were treated with HA injections to the orbital, zygomatic, buccal-maxillary, and mandibular retaining ligaments with adjunct supraperiosteal and subdermal PLLA injections to the temporal region, midface, and lower face. Cephalometric measurements were done before treatment and 2, 4, 12, and 24 weeks post-procedurally. Results Eyebrow peak and tail angles increased 20.0 degrees +/- 3.8 degrees to 21.0 degrees +/- 3.8 degrees (p < 0.05) and -2.9 degrees +/- 4.2 degrees to -1.3 degrees +/- 3.3 degrees (p < 0.001) at week 12. Eyebrow-to-orbital-rim distance increased 1.9 +/- 2.0 mm to 3.9 +/- 1.5 mm (p < 0.001) at week 12. Eyebrow-to-upper-eyelid distance increased 11.6 +/- 3.0 mm to 12.7 +/- 3.2 mm (p < 0.001) at week 24. Eyebrow-peak-to-lateral-limbus distance decreased 6.1 +/- 3.1 mm to 5.3 +/- 2.4 mm (p < 0.05) at week 4. Tragus-oral-commissure length and lower-facial-contouring length decreased 281 +/- 11 mm to 275 +/- 10 mm (p < 0.01) and 297 +/- 14 to 292 +/- 11 mm (p < 0.05) at week 12, respectively. Conclusion Hyaluronic acid injection for strengthening of facial retaining ligaments with adjunct PLLA is viable, safe, and effective in facial rejuvenation as supported by quantitative data.