S-Surge: Novel Portable Surgical Robot with Multiaxis Force-Sensing Capability for Minimally Invasive Surgery

To achieve a compact and lightweight surgical robot with force-sensing capability, in this paper, we propose a surgical robot called "S-surge," which is developed for robot-assisted minimally invasive surgery, focusing mainly on its mechanical design and force-sensing system. The robot consists of a 4-degree-of-freedom (DOF) surgical instrument and a 3-DOF remote center-of-motion manipulator. The manipulator is designed by adopting a double-parallelogram mechanism and spherical parallel mechanism to provide advantages such as compactness, simplicity, improved accuracy, and high stiffness. Kinematic analysis was performed in order to optimize workspace. The surgical instrument enables multiaxis force sensing including a three-axis pulling force and single-axis grasping force. In this study, it will be verified that it is feasible to carry the entire robot around thanks to its light weight (4.7 kg); therefore, allowing the robot to be applicable for telesurgery in remote areas. Finally, it will be explained how we experimented with the performance of the robot and conducted tissue manipulating task using the motion and force sensing capability of the robot in a simulated surgical setting.