Effects of viscous dissipation on the heat transfer in a forced pipe flow. Part 2: Thermally developing flow

In this part of the study, consideration is given to thermally developing laminar forced convection in a pipe including viscous dissipation. The axial heat conduction in the fluid is neglected. Two different thermal boundary conditions are considered: the constant heat flux (CHF) and the constant wall temperature (CWT). Both the wall heating (the fluid is heated) case and the wall cooling (the fluid is cooled) case are considered. The distributions for the developing temperature and local Nusselt number in the entrance region are obtained. Results show that the temperature profiles and local Nusselt number are influenced by the Brinkman number (Br) and the thermal boundary condition used for the wall. Significant viscous dissipation effects have been observed for large Br. (c) 2005 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.