Quantum computation capability verification protocol for noisy intermediate-scale quantum devices with the dihedral coset problem

In this article, we propose an interactive protocol for one party (the verifier) holding a quantum computer to verify the quantum computation power of another party???s (the prover) device via a one-way quantum channel. This protocol is referred to as the dihedral coset problem (DCP) challenge. The verifier needs to prepare quantum states encoding secrets (DCP samples) and send them to the prover. The prover is then tasked with recovering those secrets with a certain accuracy. Numerical simulation demonstrates that this accuracy is sensitive to errors in quantum hardware. Additionally, the DCP challenge serves as a benchmarking protocol for locally fully connected quantum architecture and aims to be performed on current and near-future quantum resources. We conduct a 4-qubit experiment on one of the IBM Q devices.