Chronic Osteomyelitis of the Mandible: Diagnosis and Management-An Institution's Experience Over 7 Years

Purpose: The objective of this study was to retrospectively evaluate and report the associated factors with the diagnosis and management of 24 patients with chronic osteomyelitis of the mandible seen at the authors' institution during the past several years. Patients and Methods: Only cases of chronic osteomyelitis of the mandible not associated with antiresorptive medications or radiotherapy to the maxillofacial region were included in the study. After confirmation of the diagnosis, initial clinical and radiologic findings, treatment approach, and outcome were evaluated for each patient. Fourteen male and 10 female patients (average age, 53.75 yr; range, 22 to 83 yr) were included. Results: The peak incidence of the disease was recorded in the fifth and sixth decades of life. An uneventful healing was observed in 20 patients (83.3%). One of 18 patients (5.5%) who underwent segmental resections developed a secondary infection and was managed with intravenously administered antibiotics. Three of 6 patients (50%) who were treated with marginal resections remained symptomatic after surgery. Conclusion: Independent of the cause and presentation of the disease, complete resolution of the infection should be the main focus of management in patients with chronic osteomyelitis of the mandible, and findings of this retrospective study indicate that a conservative surgical approach is more likely to result in a less than ideal outcome. (C) 2015 American Association of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgeons