Modelled black carbon radiative forcing and atmospheric lifetime in AeroCom Phase II constrained by aircraft observations

被引：142

作者：

Samset, B. H. ^{[1
]}

Myhre, G. ^{[1
]}

Herber, A. ^{[2
]}

Kondo, Y. ^{[3
]}

Li, S-M. ^{[4
]}

Moteki, N. ^{[3
]}

Koike, M. ^{[3
]}

Oshima, N. ^{[5
]}

Schwarz, J. P. ^{[6
,20
]}

Balkanski, Y. ^{[7
]}

Bauer, S. E. ^{[8
,9
]}

Bellouin, N. ^{[10
,24
]}

Berntsen, T. K. ^{[1
]}

Bian, H. ^{[11
]}

Chin, M. ^{[12
]}

Diehl, T. ^{[12
,21
,25
]}

Easter, R. C. ^{[13
]}

Ghan, S. J. ^{[13
]}

Iversen, T. ^{[14
,22
,23
]}

Kirkevag, A. ^{[14
]}

Lamarque, J-F. ^{[15
]}

Lin, G. ^{[16
]}

Liu, X. ^{[17
]}

Penner, J. E. ^{[16
]}

Schulz, M. ^{[14
]}

Seland, O. ^{[14
]}

Skeie, R. B. ^{[1
]}

Stier, P. ^{[18
]}

Takemura, T. ^{[19
]}

Tsigaridis, K. ^{[8
,9
]}

Zhang, K. ^{[13
]}

机构：

[1] CICERO, Oslo, Norway

[2] Alfred Wegener Inst Polar & Marine Res Helmholtz, D-27568 Bremerhaven, Germany

[3] Univ Tokyo, Grad Sch Sci, Dept Earth & Planetary Sci, Tokyo 113, Japan

[4] Environm Canada, Air Qual Res Div, Sci & Technol Branch, Toronto, ON M3H 5T4, Canada

[5] Meteorol Res Inst, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305, Japan

[6] NOAA, Chem Sci Div, Earth Syst Res Lab, Boulder, CO USA

[7] CEA, CNRS, UVSQ, Lab Sci Climat & Environm, F-91198 Gif Sur Yvette, France

[8] NASA, Goddard Inst Space Studies, New York, NY 10025 USA

[9] Columbia Earth Inst, New York, NY USA

[10] Met Off Hadley Ctr, Exeter, Devon, England

[11] Univ Maryland Baltimore Cty, Joint Ctr Earth Syst Technol, Baltimore, MD 21228 USA

[12] NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA

[13] Pacific NW Natl Lab, Richland, WA 99352 USA

[14] Norwegian Meteorol Inst, Oslo, Norway

[15] Natl Ctr Atmospher Res, NCAR Earth Syst Lab, Boulder, CO 80307 USA

[16] Univ Michigan, Dept Atmospher Ocean & Space Sci, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA

[17] Univ Wyoming, Dept Atmospher Sci, Laramie, WY 82071 USA

[18] Univ Oxford, Dept Phys, Oxford, England

[19] Kyushu Univ, Res Inst Appl Mech, Fukuoka 812, Japan

[20] Univ Colorado, Cooperat Inst Res Environm Sci, Boulder, CO 80309 USA

[21] Univ Space Res Assoc, Columbia, MD USA

[22] Univ Oslo, Dept Geosci, Oslo, Norway

[23] ECMWF, Reading RG2 9AX, Berks, England

[24] Univ Reading, Dept Meteorol, Reading, Berks, England

[25] Commiss European Communities, Joint Res Ctr, I-21020 Ispra, Italy

来源：

ATMOSPHERIC CHEMISTRY AND PHYSICS | 2014年 / 14卷 / 22期

基金：

日本学术振兴会; 美国国家科学基金会; 欧洲研究理事会;

关键词：

VERTICAL PROFILES; CLIMATE MODELS; AEROSOL DIRECT; EMISSIONS; SENSITIVITY;

D O I：

10.5194/acp-14-12465-2014

中图分类号：

X [环境科学、安全科学];

学科分类号：

08 ; 0830 ;

摘要：

Atmospheric black carbon (BC) absorbs solar radiation, and exacerbates global warming through exerting positive radiative forcing (RF). However, the contribution of BC to ongoing changes in global climate is under debate. Anthropogenic BC emissions, and the resulting distribution of BC concentration, are highly uncertain. In particular, long-range transport and processes affecting BC atmospheric lifetime are poorly understood. Here we discuss whether recent assessments may have overestimated present-day BC radiative forcing in remote regions. We compare vertical profiles of BC concentration from four recent aircraft measurement campaigns to simulations by 13 aerosol models participating in the AeroCom Phase II intercomparison. An atmospheric lifetime of BC of less than 5 days is shown to be essential for reproducing observations in remote ocean regions, in line with other recent studies. Adjusting model results to measurements in remote regions, and at high altitudes, leads to a 25% reduction in AeroCom Phase II median direct BC forcing, from fossil fuel and biofuel burning, over the industrial era. The sensitivity of modelled forcing to BC vertical profile and lifetime highlights an urgent need for further flight campaigns, close to sources and in remote regions, to provide improved quantification of BC effects for use in climate policy.

引用

页码：12465 / 12477

页数：13

共 43 条

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