Numerous methods have been developed for the assessment of bone status, including peripheral approaches and measurement techniques for the spine and hip. Currently, two areas of innovation can be noted: development of simple, low cost, and in part radiation-free, techniques and sophisticated approaches tailored to yield a more comprehensive assessment of skeletal status that extends beyond bone density, measuring bone structure and quality as well. Consequently, wider dissemination of diagnostic facilities and improved fracture risk assessment can be expected in the future.