A subradiant optical mirror formed by a single structured atomic layer

被引:187
作者
Rui, Jun [1 ,2 ]
Wei, David [1 ,2 ]
Rubio-Abadal, Antonio [1 ,2 ]
Hollerith, Simon [1 ,2 ]
Zeiher, Johannes [3 ]
Stamper-Kurn, Dan M. [3 ]
Gross, Christian [1 ,2 ,4 ]
Bloch, Immanuel [1 ,2 ,5 ]
机构
[1] Institut Quantenopt, Planck, Garching, Germany
[2] Munich Ctr Quantum Sci, Technol, MCQST, Munich, Germany
[3] Univ Calif, Dept Phys, Berkeley, CA USA
[4] Physikal Institut, Eberhard Karls Univers Tubingen, Tubingen, Germany
[5] Fak Phys, Ludwig, Maximilians, Univers, Munich, Germany
基金
欧盟地平线“2020”;
关键词
QUANTUM; RADIATION;
D O I
10.1038/s41586-020-2463-x
中图分类号
O [数理科学和化学]; P [天文学、地球科学]; Q [生物科学]; N [自然科学总论];
学科分类号
07 ; 0710 ; 09 ;
摘要
Versatile interfaces with strong and tunable light-matter interactions are essential for quantum science(1)because they enable mapping of quantum properties between light and matter(1). Recent studies(2-10)have proposed a method of controlling light-matter interactions using the rich interplay of photon-mediated dipole-dipole interactions in structured subwavelength arrays of quantum emitters. However, a key aspect of this approach-the cooperative enhancement of the light-matter coupling strength and the directional mirror reflection of the incoming light using an array of quantum emitters-has not yet been experimentally demonstrated. Here we report the direct observation of the cooperative subradiant response of a two-dimensional square array of atoms in an optical lattice. We observe a spectral narrowing of the collective atomic response well below the quantum-limited decay of individual atoms into free space. Through spatially resolved spectroscopic measurements, we show that the array acts as an efficient mirror formed by a single monolayer of a few hundred atoms. By tuning the atom density in the array and changing the ordering of the particles, we are able to control the cooperative response of the array and elucidate the effect of the interplay of spatial order and dipolar interactions on the collective properties of the ensemble. Bloch oscillations of the atoms outside the array enable us to dynamically control the reflectivity of the atomic mirror. Our work demonstrates efficient optical metamaterial engineering based on structured ensembles of atoms(4,8,9)and paves the way towards controlling many-body physics with light(5,6,11)and light-matter interfaces at the single-quantum level(7,10). A single two-dimensional array of atoms trapped in an optical lattice shows a tunable cooperative subradiant optical response, acting as a single-monolayer optical mirror with controllable reflectivity.
引用
收藏
页码:369 / +
页数:7
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