Current Drug Targets for Gut Microbiota Biocorrection during the SARS-CoV-2 Pandemic: A Systematic Review

The gut microbiota are known to play an important role in maintaining the body's homeostasis and increasing its immunoresistance. Their role has not been well defined in the course of SARS-CoV-2 infection. Aim: The aim of this study was to evaluate the pathogenetic relationship between gut microbiota, immunological reactivity disruption and microbiota pathologies with the new coronavirus infection's course in order to substantiate the use of current drugs correcting gut microbiota during the SARS-CoV-2 pandemic. Materials and Methods: Electronic databases of WHO Infection Control, Global Health, ScienceDirect, Elsevier, CDC infection diseases database, Google Academy, "Scientific electronic library eLIBRARY.RU", MEDLINE, CyberLeninka, Embase, PubMed-NCBI, RSCI, Scopus, and Cochrane Library were used for this analytical research. Results: The research results showed normal gut microbiota as one of the important components of a multilevel immune defense system. The intestinal microbiota support the notion of initial activation and readiness in order to induce a quick response to the invasion of pathogens, including RNA viruses, such as SARS-CoV-2. Current research suggests that the intestinal microbiota play an important role in the pathogenesis and predetermination of disease severity in COVID-19. By producing essential metabolites and neutralizing toxic substrates, symbionts regulate the functioning of all organs and systems, maintaining the body's homeostasis and immunological responses. Intestinal microbiota disorders determine the postvaccination anti-COVID immunity's efficacy, specifically the susceptibility to SARS-CoV-2 and the severity of this infection. This is done by stimulating a local intestinal immune response via secretory immunoglobulins and the acquired immunity of the microbiome. The high prevalence of dysbiosis within the populous indicates the necessity of regular gut microbiota biocorrection during the SARS-CoV-2 pandemic. Our systematic review of current biopreparations correcting gut microbiota provides a valuable reference to the practicing clinicians to quickly specify and develop a wide variety of medicines, assess their capabilities, and choose the optimal treatment for patients at risk of SARS-CoV-2 infection. Conclusion: Current data support the notion that gut microflora biocorrection may help increase population immunity and preserve public health during the SARS-CoV-2 pandemic.