Cervical rotational osteotomy for correction of axial deformity in a patient with ankylosing spondylitis

Purpose Severe cervical axial deformity associated with ankylosing spondylitis (AS) is rare in clinic, and there are little concerns about surgical treatment of axial deformity associated with AS. The case study aims to show the surgical technique to perform cervical rotational osteotomy. Methods We present the case of a young AS patient whose neck was fixed in a left-rotational posture at 18 degrees, requiring his trunk to be turned to the right to look forward visually. This made his gait appear to be limping, inconveniencing him with great difficulty. In order to correct this deformity, we performed a novel cervical rotational osteotomy through a one-stage posterior-anterior-posterior approach. Firstly, we performed laminectomies of C7 and T1, followed by a C7/T1 facetectomy with release of the bilateral C8 nerve roots. Next, we performed C7/T1 discectomy, bony resection of the lateral body and uncovertebral joints. The head of the patient was then rotated manually, so that both his face and torso were simultaneously facing frontward. Finally, rods spanning the screws from C6 to T2 were fixed. Results Postoperatively, the patient's axial malalignment was significantly improved, and he was able to walk normally. Surgical outcomes were well maintained at a 3-year follow-up. Conclusion Through this case, we hope to draw the attention to spinal axial deformity and provide a reference point in the surgical treatment of spinal axial deformity.