Population genomics of Bronze Age Eurasia

被引：939

作者：

Allentoft, Morten E. ^{[1
]}

Sikora, Martin ^{[1
]}

Sjogren, Karl-Goran ^{[2
]}

Rasmussen, Simon ^{[3
]}

Rasmussen, Morten ^{[1
]}

Stenderup, Jesper ^{[1
]}

Damgaard, Peter B. ^{[1
]}

Schroeder, Hannes ^{[1
,4
]}

Ahlstrom, Torbjorn ^{[5
]}

Vinner, Lasse ^{[1
]}

Malaspinas, Anna-Sapfo ^{[1
]}

Margaryan, Ashot ^{[1
]}

Higham, Tom ^{[6
]}

Chivall, David ^{[6
]}

Lynnerup, Niels ^{[7
]}

Harvig, Lise ^{[7
]}

Baron, Justyna ^{[8
]}

Della Casa, Philippe ^{[9
]}

Dabrowski, Pawel ^{[10
]}

Duffy, Paul R. ^{[11
]}

Ebel, Alexander V. ^{[12
]}

Epimakhov, Andrey ^{[13
]}

Frei, Karin ^{[14
,15
]}

Furmanek, Miroslaw ^{[8
]}

Gralak, Tomasz ^{[8
]}

Gromov, Andrey ^{[16
]}

Gronkiewicz, Stanislaw ^{[17
]}

Grupe, Gisela ^{[18
]}

Hajdu, Tamas ^{[19
,20
]}

Jarysz, Radoslaw ^{[21
]}

Khartanovich, Valeri ^{[16
]}

Khokhlov, Alexandr ^{[22
]}

Kiss, Viktoria ^{[23
]}

Kolar, Jan ^{[24
,25
]}

Kriiska, Aivar ^{[26
]}

Lasak, Irena ^{[8
]}

Longhi, Cristina ^{[27
]}

McGlynn, George ^{[18
]}

Merkevicius, Algimantas ^{[28
]}

Merkyte, Inga ^{[29
]}

Metspalu, Mait ^{[30
,31
]}

Mkrtchyan, Ruzan ^{[32
]}

Moiseyev, Vyacheslav ^{[16
]}

Paja, Laszlo ^{[33
,34
]}

Palfi, Gyoergy ^{[34
]}

Pokutta, Dalia ^{[2
]}

Pospieszny, Lukasz ^{[35
]}

Price, T. Douglas ^{[36
]}

Saag, Lehti ^{[30
,31
]}

Sablin, Mikhail ^{[37
]}

机构：

[1] Univ Copenhagen, Ctr GeoGenet, Nat Hist Museum, DK-1350 Copenhagen K, Denmark

[2] Univ Gothenburg, Dept Hist Studies, S-40530 Gothenburg, Sweden

[3] Tech Univ Denmark, Dept Syst Biol, Ctr Biol Sequence Anal, DK-2800 Lyngby, Denmark

[4] Leiden Univ, Fac Archaeol, NL-2300 Leiden, Netherlands

[5] Lund Univ, Dept Archaeol & Ancient Hist, S-22100 Lund, Sweden

[6] Univ Oxford, Oxford Radiocarbon Accelerator Unit, Oxford OX1 3QY, England

[7] Univ Copenhagen, Dept Forens Med, Unit Forens Anthropol, DK-2100 Copenhagen, Denmark

[8] Univ Wroclaw, Inst Archaeol, PL-50139 Wroclaw, Poland

[9] Univ Zurich, Archaeol Inst, CH-8006 Zurich, Switzerland

[10] Wroclaw Med Univ, Dept Anat, PL-50368 Wroclaw, Poland

[11] Univ Toronto, Dept Anthropol, Toronto, ON M5S 2S2, Canada

[12] Gorno Altaisk State Univ, Dept Archeol & Gen Hist, Gorno Altaisk 649000, Russia

[13] South Ural State Univ, South Ural Dept, Inst Hist & Archaeol RAS, Chelyabinsk 454080, Russia

[14] Natl Museum Denmark, Environm Res & Mat Sci, DK-1471 Copenhagen K, Denmark

[15] Natl Museum Denmark, Ctr Text Res, DK-1471 Copenhagen K, Denmark

[16] Peter Great Museum Anthropol & Ethnog Kunstkamera, St Petersburg 199034, Russia

[17] Polish Acad Sci, Dept Anthropol, PL-50449 Wroclaw, Poland

[18] Univ Munich, Bioctr, D-82152 Munich, Germany

[19] Eotvos Lorand Univ, Inst Biol, Dept Biol Anthropol, H-1117 Budapest, Hungary

[20] Hungarian Nat Hist Museum, Dept Anthropol, H-1083 Budapest, Hungary

[21] Archaeol Museum Wroclaw, PL-50077 Wroclaw, Poland

[22] Samara State Acad Social Sci & Humanities, Samara 443099, Russia

[23] Hungarian Acad Sci, Res Ctr Humanities, Inst Archaeol, H-1250 Budapest, Hungary

[24] Masaryk Univ, Fac Arts, Inst Archaeol & Museol, CZ-60200 Brno, Czech Republic

[25] Acad Sci Czech Republ, Inst Bot, Dept Vegetat Ecol, CZ-60200 Brno, Czech Republic

[26] Univ Tartu, Dept Archaeol, EE-51003 Tartu, Estonia

[27] Archaeol Superintendence Lombardy, I-20123 Milan, Italy

[28] Vilnius State Univ, Dept Archaeol, LT-01513 Vilnius, Lithuania

[29] Univ Copenhagen, SAXO Inst, DK-2300 Copenhagen S, Denmark

[30] Estonian Bioctr, Dept Evolutionary Biol, EE-51010 Tartu, Estonia

[31] Univ Tartu, EE-51010 Tartu, Estonia

[32] Yerevan State Univ, Dept Hist, Yerevan 0025, Armenia

[33] Hungarian Natl Museum, H-1083 Budapest, Hungary

[34] Univ Szeged, Dept Biol Anthropol, H-6726 Szeged, Hungary

[35] Polish Acad Sci, Inst Archaeol & Ethnol, PL-61612 Poznan, Poland

[36] Univ Wisconsin, Lab Archaeol Chem, Madison, WI 53706 USA

[37] Russian Acad Sci, Inst Zool, St Petersburg 199034, Russia

[38] State Hist Museum, Dept Archaeol, Moscow 109012, Russia

[39] Charles Univ Prague, Fac Med 1, Inst Hist Med & Foreign Languages, Prague 12108, Czech Republic

[40] Gorno Altaisk State Univ, Res Ctr Hist & Culture Turk Peoples, Gorno Altaisk 649000, Russia

[41] Eotvos Lorand Univ, Fac Humanities, Inst Archaeol Sci, Dept Pre & Early Hist, H-1088 Budapest, Hungary

[42] Matrica Museum, H-2440 Szazhalombatta, Hungary

[43] Natl Acad Sci, Inst Mol Biol, Lab Ethnogen, Yerevan 0014, Armenia

[44] Moscow MV Lomonosov State Univ, Fac Hist, Dept Archaeol, Moscow 119991, Russia

[45] Univ Copenhagen, Ctr Prot Res, Novo Nordisk Fdn, DK-2200 Copenhagen, Denmark

[46] Univ Calif Berkeley, Ctr Theoret Evolutionary Genet, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA

来源：

NATURE | 2015年 / 522卷 / 7555期

基金：

新加坡国家研究基金会; 欧洲研究理事会; 美国国家科学基金会;

关键词：

HUNTER-GATHERERS; SEQUENCE; EUROPE;

D O I：

10.1038/nature14507

中图分类号：

O [数理科学和化学]; P [天文学、地球科学]; Q [生物科学]; N [自然科学总论];

学科分类号：

07 ; 0710 ; 09 ;

摘要：

The Bronze Age of Eurasia (around 3000-1000 BC) was a period of major cultural changes. However, there is debate about whether these changes resulted from the circulation of ideas or from human migrations, potentially also facilitating the spread of languages and certain phenotypic traits. We investigated this by using new, improved methods to sequence low-coverage genomes from 101 ancient humans from across Eurasia. We show that the Bronze Age was a highly dynamic period involving large-scale population migrations and replacements, responsible for shaping major parts of present-day demographic structure in both Europe and Asia. Our findings are consistent with the hypothesized spread of Indo-European languages during the Early Bronze Age. We also demonstrate that light skin pigmentation in Europeans was already present at high frequency in the Bronze Age, but not lactose tolerance, indicating a more recent onset of positive selection on lactose tolerance than previously thought.

引用

页码：167 / +

页数：17

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