Bioanalytical microfluidic sensors

Bioanalytical microfluidic sensors not only fulfill lab-on-a-chip applications but also include the advantages of microsystems. Namely fluidic and electric connections can be realized on the same level. Nanoliter volume flow through cells for on-line measurement, static mixers for bioassays, and capillaries for heterogeneous quasi-continuous assays like immunoassays can be created. Hybrid modular systems are a special kind of bioanalytical microsystems. The flexibility of their design allows combining modules of different life cycle times in one microsystem. So electronic parts can be used several times while e.g. parts that were in contact with body fluids of different patients can be changed.