Test results for liquid "damper" seals using a round-hole roughness pattern for the stators

Test results are reviewed for two annular liquid seals (L = 34.9 mm; D = 76.5 mm) at two clearances (.1 and .12 mm), The seal stators use hole-pattern-roughened stators that are identical except for hole depths of .28 and 2.0 min. Tests are conducted at three speeds out to 24,600 rpm and three pressures out to 68 bars, Test delta consist of leakage rates and rotordynamic coefficients at centered and eccentric positions with static eccentricity ratios out to 0.5. Test results are consistent with expectations in regard to the reduction of cross-coupled stiffness coefficients due to stator roughness. However, the measured direct stiffness coefficients rr ere unexpectedly low. A partial explanation for these results is provided by measured friction factor data which show an increase in the fr friction factors for pressure-driven flow with an increase in clearance. A prediction model for rotordynamic coefficients, incorporating the friction-factor data, predicted a substantial loss in direct stiffness bur could not explain the very low (or negative) values that were measured. The model did explain the measured drop in cross coupled stiffness (k) and provides an alternative explanation to observed reductions in k values; specifically, an increase in the friction factor with increasing clearance causes a reduction in k irrespective of any parallel reduction in the average circumferential velocity.