Smart Dairy Cattle Farming and In-Heat Detection through the Internet of Things (IoT)

Smart farming is the practice of intelligent agricultural management based on technological data gathered from farm practice for the purpose of increased levels of quality, production and environmental protection. The Internet of Things (IoT) technology is revolutionized in various aspects of agriculture around the world and its application found success in some countries. In this paper, a non-invasive and non-contact estrus detection system integrated IoT technology to improve the detection efficiency of standing-heat behaviors of cows is proposed. The outcome of this study will improve the farm's management practices through the integration of IoT technology that can remotely monitor the activities of the cows and provide data for analysis and evaluation, will increase the likelihood of future estrus instances for every correct prediction, and will improve the fertility and milk production rates of the cows. Such benefits can contribute to the growth and development of the dairy cattle industry in the Philippines. This study also shows the application of IoT in improving the detection efficiency of standing-heat behaviors of cows through automated detection using Pan-tilt-zoom (PTZ) cameras and a Python-driven Web Application. The dimensions of the barn are measured, and the Cameras' Field of Views (FOVs) is pre-calculated for the strategic positions of the cameras atop of the cowshed. The program detects the cows and any estrus events through the surveillance cameras. The result is sent to the cloud server to display on the web application for analysis. The web app allows updates on cow information, inseminations, pregnancy, and calving records, estimate travel time from the user's geolocation to the farm, provide live monitoring and remote camera accessibility and control through the cameras and deliver reliable cross-platform push-notification and call alerts on the user's device(s) whenever an estrus event is detected. The system initially and correctly detected 4 standing-heat signs, but with 2 false predictions and identifications leading to 2 "True Positive" and 2 "False Positive" results, attaining a 50% detection efficiency. Based on the results, the program performed satisfactorily at 50% detection efficiency.