Gender Water Networks: Femininity and Masculinity in Water Politics in Bolivia

被引:20
作者
Laurie, Nina [1 ]
机构
[1] Newcastle Univ, Sch Geog Polit & Sociol, Newcastle Upon Tyne NE1 7RU, Tyne & Wear, England
关键词
Water; Bolivia; Gender; Privatization; Femininity; Masculinity; Politics; Evo Morales; Sexuality;
D O I
10.1111/j.1468-2427.2010.00962.x
中图分类号
P9 [自然地理学]; K9 [地理];
学科分类号
0705 ; 070501 ;
摘要
This article explores how transnational networking around neoliberal water policies intersects with drives to mainstream gender. It examines how understandings of gender are constructed through water conflicts and demonstrates how complex contemporary gendered water experiences are reflected in a variety of networks operating at and across different scales. It challenges essentialist accounts of gender within policy debates, demonstrating how gendered subjectivities are produced, reproduced and disrupted through hybrid networks of struggle. It shows how these subjectivities enter the global arena through the anti-globalization movement. The article suggests that some transnational water networks become hybrid spaces that draw in both those who support and contest neoliberal agendas and argues that contemporary analyses of water must be understood in this context of intersection. It draws on the example of Bolivian water politics to highlight how gender intersects with ethnicity, notions of appropriate femininity and constructions of heroic masculinities. It illustrates how women's activities are circumscribed by understandings of the supermadre and explores how this femininity has become powerful in representational terms. Finally, the article examines the disciplining role of sexuality in producing femininities and understandings of heroic masculinity in national and transnational settings, including the water ministry and wider contemporary Bolivian politics. Resume Cet article etudie comment des reseaux transnationaux crees autour de politiques neoliberales de l'eau viennent croiser des actions permettant d'integrer la dimension de genre. Il examine l'elaboration des acceptions du genre dans les conflits concernant l'eau, tout en montrant comment les vecus contemporains de l'eau en fonction du sexe, et leur complexite, se refletent dans un eventail de reseaux fonctionnant a et entre divers echelons. Il remet en cause les restitutions essentialistes du genre dans les debats de politique publique en exposant comment des subjectivites sexuees sont produites, reproduites et perturbees par des reseaux hybrides de lutte. De plus, ces subjectivites accedent a l'arene mondiale au travers du mouvement antimondialiste. Certains reseaux transnationaux relatifs a l'eau deviennent ainsi des espaces hybrides qui attirent a la fois partisans et opposants de projets neoliberaux et il convient d'apprehender les analyses contemporaines sur l'eau dans ce cadre croise. Prenant comme exemple la politique de l'eau en Bolivie, l'article met en evidence les domaines d'intersection du genre avec l'ethnicite, les notions de feminite adequate et la construction de masculinites heroiques. Il illustre la facon dont les activites des femmes sont limitees par les acceptions de la supermadre et etudie comment cette feminite s'est renforcee en termes de representation. Pour finir, il examine le role contraignant de la sexualite dans la production de feminites et de comprehensions de la masculinite heroique au plan national et transnational, y compris au sein du ministere de l'Eau et de la politique bolivienne contemporaine en general.
引用
收藏
页码:172 / 188
页数:17
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