Symbiodinium Transcriptomes: Genome Insights into the Dinoflagellate Symbionts of Reef-Building Corals

被引:193
作者
Bayer, Till [1 ]
Aranda, Manuel [1 ]
Sunagawa, Shinichi [2 ]
Yum, Lauren K. [1 ]
DeSalvo, Michael K. [3 ]
Lindquist, Erika [4 ]
Coffroth, Mary Alice [5 ]
Voolstra, Christian R. [1 ]
Medina, Monica [6 ]
机构
[1] KAUST, Red Sea Res Ctr, Thuwal, Saudi Arabia
[2] European Mol Biol Lab, Heidelberg, Germany
[3] Univ Calif San Francisco, UCSF Sch Med, Dept Anesthesia, San Francisco, CA 94143 USA
[4] Joint Genome Inst, Dept Energy, Walnut Creek, CA USA
[5] SUNY Buffalo, Dept Geol, Grad Program Evolut Ecol & Behav, Buffalo, NY 14260 USA
[6] Univ Calif Merced, Sch Nat Sci, Merced, CA USA
来源
PLOS ONE | 2012年 / 7卷 / 04期
基金
美国国家科学基金会;
关键词
GENE-EXPRESSION; DNA-CONTENT; STRESS; EVOLUTION; PROTEINS; LINEAGE; SEARCH; MODEL; ZOOXANTHELLAE; THIOREDOXIN;
D O I
10.1371/journal.pone.0035269
中图分类号
O [数理科学和化学]; P [天文学、地球科学]; Q [生物科学]; N [自然科学总论];
学科分类号
07 ; 0710 ; 09 ;
摘要
Dinoflagellates are unicellular algae that are ubiquitously abundant in aquatic environments. Species of the genus Symbiodinium form symbiotic relationships with reef-building corals and other marine invertebrates. Despite their ecologic importance, little is known about the genetics of dinoflagellates in general and Symbiodinium in particular. Here, we used 454 sequencing to generate transcriptome data from two Symbiodinium species from different clades (clade A and clade B). With more than 56,000 assembled sequences per species, these data represent the largest transcriptomic resource for dinoflagellates to date. Our results corroborate previous observations that dinoflagellates possess the complete nucleosome machinery. We found a complete set of core histones as well as several H3 variants and H2A.Z in one species. Furthermore, transcriptome analysis points toward a low number of transcription factors in Symbiodinium spp. that also differ in the distribution of DNA-binding domains relative to other eukaryotes. In particular the cold shock domain was predominant among transcription factors. Additionally, we found a high number of antioxidative genes in comparison to non-symbiotic but evolutionary related organisms. These findings might be of relevance in the context of the role that Symbiodinium spp. play as coral symbionts. Our data represent the most comprehensive dinoflagellate EST data set to date. This study provides a comprehensive resource to further analyze the genetic makeup, metabolic capacities, and gene repertoire of Symbiodinium and dinoflagellates. Overall, our findings indicate that Symbiodinium possesses some unique characteristics, in particular the transcriptional regulation in Symbiodinium may differ from the currently known mechanisms of eukaryotic gene regulation.
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页数:14
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