Determination the Impact of Sea Level Rise to Shoreline Changes Using GIS

Climate change, weather and the ozone depletion has a significant association with the sea level rise and the movement of sea water. While the behavior of the sea level rise affects the changes of shoreline through processes of accretion and erosion can be analyzed in a Geographic Information System (GIS) by measuring differences in past and present shoreline locations. In this study, ArcGIS and MIKE21 software is used to generate spatial model to identify the shoreline changes at Batu Pahat and projection the sea level rise of year 2020 and 2040, thus able to identify areas that will be flooded based on the predicted sea level rise data. Based on topographic maps and satellite imagery, changes can be seen from 1984 up to 2013. Forecasting the coastal changes according to the projected sea-level rise up to 2020 and 2040 was able to provide warnings and guidance in planning all local activities. The impact of continuous sea level rise causing shoreline erosion and saltwater intrusion in agriculture area and destroying coconut plantation near Padang Terbang and shrinking mainland at Sungai Lurus. Total eroded area is 415.47 hectare and total accretion is 68.52 hectare. Accretion occurred due to deposition of sediment that is caused by longshore sediment transport or from the critical erosion area. The impacted area from sea level rise predictions is Sungai Ayam, Sungai Suloh Besar, Sungai Koris, Sungai Lurus, Sungai Senggarang, Sungai Parit Botak, Sungai Tongkang and Sungai Rengit.