Spirosoma lituiforme sp nov., isolated from soil

A Gram-staining-negative, non-motile, curved rod-shaped, aerobic bacterium, designated S1-2-4(T), was isolated from soil in Jeollabuk-do province, Republic of Korea, and was characterized taxonomically using a polyphasic approach. Comparative 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis showed that strain S1-2-4(T) was a member of the family Cytophagaceae and most closely related to 'Spirosoma radiotolerans' DG5A (97.2%), Spirosoma fluviale MSd3(T) (96.4%), and Spirosoma linguale DSM 74(T) (96.3%). The genomic DNA G + C content of strain S1-2-4(T) was 49.7 mol%. The major fatty acids were summed feature 3 (C-16:1 omega 7c/C-16:1 omega 6c), C-16:1 omega 5c, and C-16:0, and the major polar lipid was phosphatidylethanolamine. MK-7 was the predominant respiratory quinone. Phenotypic and chemotaxonomic data supported the affiliation of strain S1-2-4(T) with the genus Spirosoma. DNA-DNA hybridization between strain S1-2-4(T) and 'Spirosoma radiotolerans' showed relatively low DNA-DNA relatedness (31%). Strain S1-2-4(T) could be distinguished from its closest phylogenetic neighbors based on its phenotypic, genotypic, and chemotaxonomic features. Therefore, strain S1-2-4(T) represents a novel member of the genus Spirosoma, for which the name Spirosoma lituiforme sp. nov. is proposed. The type strain is S12-4(T) (= KCTC 52724(T) = JCM 32128(T)).