Primary reconstruction of orbital fractures using patient-specific titanium milled implants: the Helsinki protocol

Preoperative virtual planning and the use of patient-specific implants enable exact reconstruction of orbital fractures. We present our results and experience of reconstruction of isolated orbital fractures with patient-specific implants, according to the Helsinki protocol, in 15 patients who were followed up for at least three months postoperatively. The mean (range) difference between the positions of virtually planned, and postoperative, implants was 1.9 (0.5-5.6) mm The postoperative volume of the fractured orbit was 1.34 ml less than that of the non-fractured side, but this was not clinically relevant. None of the patients required reoperation and none had any implant-related complications during follow up. We conclude that patient-specific implants are an adaptable and reliable treatment for primary orbital trauma, and that the Helsinki protocol may have wider applications in the treatment of facial fractures. (C) 2018 The British Association of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgeons. Published by Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.