A Short Mindfulness Retreat for Students to Reduce Stress and Promote Self-Compassion: Pilot Randomised Controlled Trial Exploring Both an Indoor and a Natural Outdoor Retreat Setting

被引:9
|
作者
Djernis, Dorthe [1 ]
O'Toole, Mia S. [2 ]
Fjorback, Lone O. [3 ]
Svenningsen, Helle [4 ]
Mehlsen, Mimi Y. [2 ]
Stigsdotter, Ulrika K. [1 ]
Dahlgaard, Jesper [3 ,4 ]
机构
[1] Univ Copenhagen, Dept Geosci & Nat Resource Management, DK-1958 Frederiksberg, Denmark
[2] Aarhus Univ, Dept Psychol & Behav Sci, DK-8000 Aarhus, Denmark
[3] Aarhus Univ, Dept Clin Med, DK-8200 Aarhus, Denmark
[4] VIA Univ Coll, Program Mind & Body Mental Hlth, Res Ctr Hlth & Welf Technol, DK-8200 Aarhus, Denmark
关键词
meditation; nature-based mindfulness; stress reduction; self-compassion; retreat; MEDITATION; ATTENTION; INTERVENTIONS; METAANALYSIS; NEUROSCIENCE; INDIVIDUALS; BENEFITS; ORIGINS;
D O I
10.3390/healthcare9070910
中图分类号
R19 [保健组织与事业(卫生事业管理)];
学科分类号
摘要
Here, we developed and examined a new way of disseminating mindfulness in nature to people without meditation experience, based on the finding that mindfulness conducted in natural settings may have added benefits. We evaluated a 5-day residential programme aiming to reduce stress and improve mental health outcomes. We compared an indoor and an outdoor version of the programme to a control group in a pilot randomised controlled trial (RCT). Sixty Danish university students experiencing moderate to high levels of stress were randomised into a residential mindfulness programme indoors (n = 20), in nature (n = 22), or a control group (n = 18). Participants completed the Perceived Stress Scale and the Self-Compassion Scale (primary outcomes) along with additional secondary outcome measures at the start and end of the program and 3 months after. Stress was decreased with small to medium effect sizes post-intervention, although not statistically significant. Self-compassion increased post-intervention, but effect sizes were small and not significant. At follow-up, changes in stress were not significant, however self-compassion increased for both interventions with medium-sized effects. For the intervention groups, medium- to large-sized positive effects on trait mindfulness after a behavioural task were found post-intervention, and small- to medium-sized effects in self-reported mindfulness were seen at follow-up. Connectedness to Nature was the only outcome measure with an incremental effect in nature, exceeding the control with a medium-sized effect at follow-up. All participants in the nature arm completed the intervention, and so did 97% of the participants in all three arms. Overall, the results encourage the conduct of a larger-scale RCT, but only after adjusting some elements of the programme to better fit and take advantage of the potential benefits of the natural environment.
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页数:15
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