Long-Term Safety of Dapagliflozin in Older Patients with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus: A Pooled Analysis of Phase IIb/III Studies

Objective To evaluate the 104-week safety of dapagliflozin in older patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus. Methods Pooled analysis assessing general safety (nine phase III studies <= 104 weeks) and cardiovascular safety (21 phase IIb/III studies <= 208 weeks) by age (<65; >= 65; >= 75 years). Patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (+/- background glucose-lowering therapy) received: dapagliflozin 10 mg (n = 2026) vs. placebo (n = 1956) (nine-study pool); or dapagliflozin (2.5-50 mg; n = 5936) vs. control (placebo/comparator) (n = 3403) (21-study pool). Results Adverse events (AEs) and discontinuations owing to AEs were more common in older vs. younger patients, and were more frequent with dapagliflozin than placebo (AEs: <65 years: 73.1 vs. 70.7 %; >= 65 years: 77.4 vs. 73.1 %; >= 75 years: 80.4 vs. 75.3 %, respectively; discontinuations: <65 years: 5.9 vs. 5.0 %; >= 65 years: 14.4 vs. 12.2 %; >= 75 years: 26.8 vs. 22.1 %, respectively); serious AE (SAE) frequency was similar (<65 years: 11.0 vs. 11.8 %; >= 65 years: 20.0 vs. 20.2 %; >= 75 years: 19.6 vs. 18.2 %, respectively). Hypoglycaemia frequency was similar across age groups and was higher with dapagliflozin than placebo (<65 years: 18.0 vs. 13.4 %; >= 65 years: 20.2 vs. 17.7 %; >= 75 years: 17.5 vs. 16.9 %, respectively); major episodes were rare. Urinary tract infection frequency was similar between treatment groups in older patients, with no increase vs. younger patients (<65 years: 8.8 vs. 5.5 %; >= 65 years: 8.1 vs. 7.6 %; >= 75 years: 8.2 vs. 9.1 %, respectively); urinary tract infection SAEs were rare. Genital infection AEs were more common with dapagliflozin, with no increase in older patients (<65 years: 8.2 vs. 1.0 %; >= 65 years: 6.6 vs. 0.9 %; >= 75 years: 7.2 vs. 0.0 %, respectively) and no SAEs. Volume reduction AEs were uncommon, with a higher frequency with dapagliflozin vs. placebo and in patients >= 75 years (<65 years: 1.7 vs. 1.2 %; >= 65 years: 2.3 vs. 1.7 %; >= 75 years: 3.1 vs. 2.6 %, respectively). Dapagliflozin did not increase the risk of fractures (<65 years: 1.1 vs. 1.1 %; >= 65 years: 1.1 vs. 2.7 %; >= 75 years: 1.0 vs. 2.6 %, respectively) or falls (<65 years: 0.7 vs. 0.7 %; >= 65 years: 0.6 vs. 2.1 %; >= 75 years: 0.0 vs. 1.3 %, respectively), regardless of age. AEs of renal function were more common with dapagliflozin than placebo and increased with age (<65 years: 3.5 vs. 2.3 %; >= 65 years: 14.0 vs. 7.9 %; >= 75 years: 29.9 vs. 20.8 %, respectively). Most were non-serious small transient increases in serum creatinine. Dapagliflozin did not increase cardiovascular risk regardless of age [hazard ratio (95 % confidence interval) vs. control: <65 years: 0.726 (0.473, 1.114); >= 65 years: 0.879 (0.565, 1.366); >= 75 years: 0.950 (0.345, 2.617), respectively]. Conclusion Dapagliflozin treatment up to 104 weeks was well tolerated in older patients. Older dapagliflozin-treated patients had more renal AEs than placebo-treated patients; the majority of which were non-serious small transient changes in serum creatinine.