Controlled source electromagnetic 3-D modeling in frequency domain by finite element method

Magnetic vector potential and electric scalar potential of electromagnetic field are employed in this paper and the Maxwell's equations can be transformed into partial differential equation of the potential, which is akin to Helmholtz equation. A penalty term is added to eliminate the spurious solution and a stabilization method is used to overcome the numerical instability in 3-D electromagnetic finite element (FE) simulation. An artificial boundary delimiting a relatively small area is adopted to reduce computation consumption. The first-kind boundary condition is employed at the artificial boundary, which is the value of potential excited by a horizontal dipole source in homogeneous half space. Our results show that 3-D controlled source electromagnetic FE simulations for theoretical and complicate models in this paper give stable and trustworthy solutions of electromagnetic field.