Cloud microphysics and aerosol indirect effects in the global climate model ECHAM5-HAM

被引:286
作者
Lohmann, U. [1 ]
Stier, P.
Hoose, C.
Ferrachat, S.
Kloster, S.
Roeckner, E.
Zhang, J.
机构
[1] Swiss Fed Inst Technol, Inst Atmospher & Climate Sci, Zurich, Switzerland
[2] CALTECH, Dept Environm Sci & Engn, Pasadena, CA 91125 USA
[3] Commiss European Communities, Joint Res Ctr, IES, Climate Change Unit, I-21020 Ispra, Italy
[4] Max Planck Inst Meteorol, Hamburg, Germany
[5] Meteorol Serv Canada, Toronto, ON, Canada
关键词
D O I
10.5194/acp-7-3425-2007
中图分类号
X [环境科学、安全科学];
学科分类号
08 ; 0830 ;
摘要
The double-moment cloud microphysics scheme from ECHAM4 that predicts both the mass mixing ratios and number concentrations of cloud droplets and ice crystals has been coupled to the size-resolved aerosol scheme ECHAM5-HAM. ECHAM5-HAM predicts the aerosol mass, number concentrations and mixing state. The simulated liquid, ice and total water content and the cloud droplet and ice crystal number concentrations as a function of temperature in stratiform mixed-phase clouds between 0 and -35 degrees C agree much better with aircraft observations in the ECHAM5 simulations. ECHAM5 performs better because more realistic aerosol concentrations are available for cloud droplet nucleation and because the Bergeron-Findeisen process is parameterized as being more efficient. The total anthropogenic aerosol effect includes the direct, semi-direct and indirect effects and is defined as the difference in the top-of-the-atmosphere net radiation between present-day and pre-industrial times. It amounts to & minus;1.9 W m(-2) in ECHAM5, when a relative humidity dependent cloud cover scheme and aerosol emissions representative for the years 1750 and 2000 from the AeroCom emission inventory are used. The contribution of the cloud albedo effect amounts to -0.7 W m(-2). The total anthropogenic aerosol effect is larger when either a statistical cloud cover scheme or a different aerosol emission inventory are employed because the cloud lifetime effect increases.
引用
收藏
页码:3425 / 3446
页数:22
相关论文
共 79 条
  • [1] Reduction of tropical cloudiness by soot
    Ackerman, AS
    Toon, OB
    Stevens, DE
    Heymsfield, AJ
    Ramanathan, V
    Welton, EJ
    [J]. SCIENCE, 2000, 288 (5468) : 1042 - 1047
  • [2] AEROSOLS, CLOUD MICROPHYSICS, AND FRACTIONAL CLOUDINESS
    ALBRECHT, BA
    [J]. SCIENCE, 1989, 245 (4923) : 1227 - 1230
  • [3] [Anonymous], 1986, OCEANOGRAPHIC SCI LI, DOI DOI 10.1007/978-94-009-4668-2_16
  • [4] THE SULFATE-CCN-CLOUD ALBEDO EFFECT - A SENSITIVITY STUDY WITH 2 GENERAL-CIRCULATION MODELS
    BOUCHER, O
    LOHMANN, U
    [J]. TELLUS SERIES B-CHEMICAL AND PHYSICAL METEOROLOGY, 1995, 47 (03) : 281 - 300
  • [5] SENSITIVITY OF A GENERAL-CIRCULATION MODEL TO PARAMETERIZATIONS OF CLOUD-TURBULENCE INTERACTIONS IN THE ATMOSPHERIC BOUNDARY-LAYER
    BRINKOP, S
    ROECKNER, E
    [J]. TELLUS SERIES A-DYNAMIC METEOROLOGY AND OCEANOGRAPHY, 1995, 47 (02) : 197 - 220
  • [6] Impact of an improved shortwave radiation scheme in the MAECHAM5 General Circulation Model
    Cagnazzo, C.
    Manzini, E.
    Giorgetta, M. A.
    Forster, P. M. De F.
    Morcrette, J. J.
    [J]. ATMOSPHERIC CHEMISTRY AND PHYSICS, 2007, 7 (10) : 2503 - 2515
  • [7] Emissions of primary aerosol and precursor gases in the years 2000 and 1750 prescribed data-sets for AeroCom
    Dentener, F.
    Kinne, S.
    Bond, T.
    Boucher, O.
    Cofala, J.
    Generoso, S.
    Ginoux, P.
    Gong, S.
    Hoelzemann, J. J.
    Ito, A.
    Marelli, L.
    Penner, J. E.
    Putaud, J. -P.
    Textor, C.
    Schulz, M.
    van der Werf, G. R.
    Wilson, J.
    [J]. ATMOSPHERIC CHEMISTRY AND PHYSICS, 2006, 6 : 4321 - 4344
  • [8] Size matters more than chemistry for cloud-nucleating ability of aerosol particles
    Dusek, U.
    Frank, G. P.
    Hildebrandt, L.
    Curtius, J.
    Schneider, J.
    Walter, S.
    Chand, D.
    Drewnick, F.
    Hings, S.
    Jung, D.
    Borrmann, S.
    Andreae, M. O.
    [J]. SCIENCE, 2006, 312 (5778) : 1375 - 1378
  • [9] The atmospheric sulfur cycle in ECHAM-4 and its impact on the shortwave radiation
    Feichter, J
    Lohmann, U
    Schult, I
    [J]. CLIMATE DYNAMICS, 1997, 13 (04) : 235 - 246
  • [10] Ferraro RR, 1996, B AM METEOROL SOC, V77, P891, DOI 10.1175/1520-0477(1996)077<0891:AEYTSO>2.0.CO