Regulation and roles of neuronal diacylglycerol kinases: a lipid perspective

被引:32
作者
Tu-Sekine, Becky [1 ]
Raben, Daniel M. [1 ,2 ]
机构
[1] Johns Hopkins Univ, Dept Biol Chem, Sch Med, Baltimore, MD 21205 USA
[2] Johns Hopkins Univ, Dept Physiol & Oncol, Sch Med, Baltimore, MD 21205 USA
关键词
Diacyglycerol kinases; lipid metabolizing enzymes; regulation; diacylglycerol; phosphatidic acid; PLECKSTRIN HOMOLOGY DOMAIN; CYSTEINE-RICH DOMAINS; MOLECULAR-CLONING; RAT-BRAIN; BIPOLAR-DISORDER; GENE-EXPRESSION; NEUROTRANSMITTER RELEASE; T-LYMPHOCYTES; HAND MOTIFS; DGK-THETA;
D O I
10.3109/10409238.2011.577761
中图分类号
Q5 [生物化学]; Q7 [分子生物学];
学科分类号
071010 ; 081704 ;
摘要
Diacylglycerol kinases (DGKs) are a class of enzymes that catalyze the ATP-dependent conversion of diacylglycerol (DAG) to phosphatidic acid (PtdOH), resulting in the coordinate regulation of these two lipid second messengers. This regulation is particularly important in the nervous system where it is now well-established that DAG and PtdOH serve very important roles in modulating a variety of neurological functions. There are currently 10 identified mammalian DGKs, organized into five classes or "Types" based upon similarities in their primary sequences. A number of studies have identified eight of these isoforms in various regions of the mammalian central nervous system (CNS): DGK-alpha, DGK-beta, DGK-gamma, DGK-eta, DGK-zeta, DGK-iota, DGK-epsilon, and DGK-theta. Further studies have provided compelling evidence supporting roles for these enzymes in neuronal spine density, myelination, synaptic activity, neuronal plasticity, epileptogenesis and neurotransmitter release. The physiological regulation of these enzymes is less clear. Like all interfacial enzymes, DGKs metabolize their hydrophobic substrate (DAG) at a membrane-aqueous interface. Therefore, these enzymes can be regulated by alterations in their subcellular localization, enzymatic activity, and/or membrane association. In this review, we summarize what is currently understood about the localization and regulation of the neuronal DGKs in the mammalian CNS.
引用
收藏
页码:353 / 364
页数:12
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