Superconducting dark energy

被引:13
作者
Liang, Shi-Dong [1 ,2 ]
Harko, Tiberiu [3 ]
机构
[1] Sun Yat Sen Univ, Sch Phys & Engn, State Key Lab Optoelect Mat & Technol, Guangzhou 510275, Guangdong, Peoples R China
[2] Sun Yat Sen Univ, Sch Phys & Engn, Guangdong Prov Key Lab Display Mat & Technol, Guangzhou 510275, Guangdong, Peoples R China
[3] UCL, Dept Math, London WC1E 6BT, England
来源
PHYSICAL REVIEW D | 2015年 / 91卷 / 08期
关键词
COSMOLOGICAL PARTICLE-PRODUCTION; PREFERRED-FRAME THEORIES; RELATIVISTIC GRAVITY; CONSERVATION-LAWS; VECTOR; CREATION; MATTER; THERMODYNAMICS; DYNAMICS;
D O I
10.1103/PhysRevD.91.085042
中图分类号
P1 [天文学];
学科分类号
0704 ;
摘要
Based on the analogy with superconductor physics we consider a scalar-vector-tensor gravitational model, in which the dark energy action is described by a gauge invariant electromagnetic type functional. By assuming that the ground state of the dark energy is in a form of a condensate with the U(1) symmetry spontaneously broken, the gauge invariant electromagnetic dark energy can be described in terms of the combination of a vector and of a scalar field (corresponding to the Goldstone boson), respectively. The gravitational field equations are obtained by also assuming the possibility of a nonminimal coupling between the cosmological mass current and the superconducting dark energy. The cosmological implications of the dark energy model are investigated for a Friedmann-Robertson-Walker homogeneous and isotropic geometry for two particular choices of the electromagnetic type potential, corresponding to a pure electric type field, and to a pure magnetic field, respectively. The time evolutions of the scale factor, matter energy density and deceleration parameter are obtained for both cases, and it is shown that in the presence of the superconducting dark energy the Universe ends its evolution in an exponentially accelerating vacuum de Sitter state. By using the formalism of the irreversible thermodynamic processes for open systems we interpret the generalized conservation equations in the superconducting dark energy model as describing matter creation. The particle production rates, the creation pressure and the entropy evolution are explicitly obtained.
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页数:19
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