Survivin Mediates Prostate Cell Protection by HIF-1α Against Zinc Toxicity

BACKGROUND. The prostate contains extremely high concentrations of zinc, but survives and grows without apparent injury. This begs the question as to how prostate cells avoid the toxic effects of zinc. In a previous study, the authors found that; HIF-1 alpha is expressed concomitantly with the accumulation of zinc in the epithelial cells of normal rat prostates, the zinc ion stabilizes HIF-1 alpha in prostate cells, and that HI-1 alpha protects prostate cells from zinc toxicity. In the present study, the authors addressed the mechanism responsible for the protective effect of HIF-1 alpha in a high zinc environment. METHODS. Immunofluorescent staining, immunoblotting, reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction, reporter assay, and cell cycle analysis. RESULTS. Survivin was induced by ZnCl2 in a HIF-1 dependent manner in both DU-145 and PNT2 prostate cells. Furthermore, HIF-1 induced survivin expression at the transcriptional level and the induction of survivin was abolished by HIF-1 alpha knock-down. In addition, HIF-1-dependent survivin overexpression promoted prostrate cell survival and prevented cell arrest in the presence of high zinc concentrations, and si-survivin transfected cells under zinc rich conditions contained markedly higher levels of cleaved caspase-9 and PARP than si-con transfected cells. Finally, survivin expression patterns well matched rat prostate proliferation statuses. CONCLUSION. Under zinc rich conditions, prostate epithelial cells HIF-1-dependently express survivin, which promotes prostate cell proliferation, and prevents apoptosis and cell cycle arrest. Accordingly, the HIF-1 alpha-survivin pathway appears to facilitate prostate cell survival and growth in zinc rich environments, and this pathway could be a therapeutic target for the treatment of prostate hyperplasia. Prostate 70: 1179-1188, 2010. (C) 2010 Wiley-Liss, Inc.