Transcendental philosophy of Kant is the first theory of experience (scientific knowledge) related to the solution of the (semantic) problem set in his famous letter to M. Hertz: what is the ground of the relation of the representation to the object? There are two ways to solve it, and Kant himself chooses the sec-ond of them, thus making his "Copernican Revolution". Does the idea that Kant is an idealist follow from that, all the more as he often refers to his phi-losophy as to transcendental idealism? The analysis of the internal structure of this revolution shows that it is possible to highlight two vectors: the empiri-cal, from the thing-in-itself to representations, and the noumenal ones, from the transcendental unity of apperception or transcendental object to the thing -as-it-appears-to-us. Keeping empirical vector says that Kant's theory of experi-ence is an empirical realism and his transcendentalism is a reflective (meta - level) epistemological (methodological) superstructure above it. Our semantic interpretation of Kant meets the modern "revolutionary" interpretation of tran-scendentalism, developed in the works of G. Bird, G. Prauss, H. Allison et al., which was called as the theory of "two aspects". On this basis, we develop a realistic interpretation transcendentalism, which is relatable to the contem-porary interpretation of Kant, represented in works of W. Rod, A. Collins, P. Abela, K. Westphal, L. Allais and others.
