Modeling three-dimensional timber light-frame buildings

A nonlinear finite-element model (LightFrame3D) is presented in this paper to study the performance of 3D timber light-frame buildings under static loading conditions. The uniqueness of the model is the implementation of a mechanics-based representation of the load-deformation characteristics of individual panel-to-frame nail connections in the diaphragm system. This approach requires as input basic material properties and static load-deformation characteristics of the connections. The model can analyze a light-frame building with varied material and structural components and combined loading conditions. Either load control or displacement control can be used as input history. The model was verified and tested by theoretical and experimental means and good agreements were achieved. The model can provide information on the hysteresis behavior of structures under cyclic loading and the torsional response of eccentric 3D buildings.