High-energy {001} crystal facets and surface fluorination engineered gas sensing properties of anatase titania nanocrystals

Controllable crystal facets exposing is an efficient approach for enhancing gas sensing performances of semiconductor nanomaterials. In order to study the crystal-facets-dependent gas-sensing properties of TiO2 systematically and exactly, a series of anatase TiO2 nanocrystals with different percentage of high-energy {001} crystal facets exposure (from 6% to 91%) were designed and synthesized by a simple hydrofluoric acid-assisted hydrothermal method. Gas sensing tests suggested that gas response of the TiO2 nanocrystals increased with the percentage of high-energy {001} crystal facets, although the specific surface areas gradually decreased. The results unquestionably confirmed the enhanced gas sensing activity of anatase TiO2 high-energy {001} crystal facets. Moreover, it was found that surface fluorination of high-energy {001} crystal facets played a negative role on the gas sensing activity. The relevant sensing mechanism was discussed in detail based on combination of experimental characterization and first-principle calculations, which showed that gas adsorption properties made a great contribution to gas sensing performance. By providing a comprehensive understanding of the crystal-facets-dependent gas-sensing properties of TiO2, the present work will be helpful for the designing of TiO2-based gas-sensing materials. (C) 2017 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.