Zoonotic Blood-Borne Pathogens in Non-Human Primates in the Neotropical Region: A Systematic Review

被引:9
作者
Carrillo-Bilbao, Gabriel [1 ,2 ,3 ]
Martin-Solano, Sarah [3 ,4 ]
Saegerman, Claude [1 ]
机构
[1] Univ Liege, Fac Vet Med, Dept Infect & Parasit Dis, Fdn & Appl Res Anim & Hlth FARAH Ctr,Res Unit Epi, B-4000 Liege, Belgium
[2] Univ Cent Ecuador, Fac Filosofia & Letras & Ciencias Educac, Quito 170521, Ecuador
[3] Univ Cent Ecuador, Inst Invest Zoonosis CIZ, Quito 17052, Ecuador
[4] Univ Fuerzas Armadas ESPE, Dept Ciencias Vida & Agr, Carrera Ingn Biotecnol, Grp Invest Sanidad Anim & Humana GISAH, Sangolqui 171103, Ecuador
来源
PATHOGENS | 2021年 / 10卷 / 08期
关键词
Ecuador; non-human primates; Alouatta; blood-borne pathogen; protozoa; Plasmodium; Trypanosoma; yellow fever; TOXOPLASMA-GONDII INFECTION; YELLOW-FEVER VIRUS; RIO-DE-JANEIRO; ALOUATTA-GUARIBA-CLAMITANS; BROWN HOWLER MONKEYS; WEST-NILE-VIRUS; TAMARINS LEONTOPITHECUS-ROSALIA; NONINVASIVE SALIVA COLLECTION; PUBLIC-HEALTH INTEREST; PARANA RIVER-BASIN;
D O I
10.3390/pathogens10081009
中图分类号
Q93 [微生物学];
学科分类号
071005 ; 100705 ;
摘要
Background: Understanding which non-human primates (NHPs) act as a wild reservoir for blood-borne pathogens will allow us to better understand the ecology of diseases and the role of NHPs in the emergence of human diseases in Ecuador, a small country in South America that lacks information on most of these pathogens. Methods and principal findings: A systematic review was carried out using PRISMA guidelines from 1927 until 2019 about blood-borne pathogens present in NHPs of the Neotropical region (i.e., South America and Middle America). Results: A total of 127 publications were found in several databases. We found in 25 genera (132 species) of NHPs a total of 56 blood-borne pathogens in 197 records where Protozoa has the highest number of records in neotropical NHPs (n = 128) compared to bacteria (n = 12) and viruses (n = 57). Plasmodium brasilianum and Trypanosoma cruzi are the most recorded protozoa in NHP. The neotropical primate genus with the highest number of blood-borne pathogens recorded is Alouatta sp. (n = 32). The use of non-invasive samples for neotropical NHPs remains poor in a group where several species are endangered or threatened. A combination of serological and molecular techniques is common when detecting blood-borne pathogens. Socioecological and ecological risk factors facilitate the transmission of these parasites. Finally, a large number of countries remain unsurveyed, such as Ecuador, which can be of public health importance. Conclusions and significance: NHPs are potential reservoirs of a large number of blood-borne pathogens. In Ecuador, research activities should be focused on bacteria and viruses, where there is a gap of information for neotropical NHPs, in order to implement surveillance programs with regular and effective monitoring protocols adapted to NHPs.
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页数:33
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