The Efficiency Analysis of Large Banks Using the Bootstrap and Fuzzy DEA: A Case of an Emerging Market

In this study, banks' business performance efficiency was analysed using data envelopment analysis (DEA), with expense categories as inputs and income categories as outputs. By incorporating a bootstrap method and a fuzzy data approach into a DEA model, additional insights and sensitivity analysis of the results were obtained. This study shows how fuzzy and bootstrap DEA can be used for investigating real market problems with uncertain data in an uncertain sample. The empirical analysis was based on the period of 2009-2018 for a sample of seven of Croatia's largest private banks. The aim of the study was also to interpret the DEA results with regards to the specific market, legal, and macroeconomic conditions, caused by the changes introduced in the last decade. The results, and the changes in the inputs and outputs over time, revealed that the market processes occurring in the observed period had a significant impact on banks' business performance, but led to a more efficient banking system. Two banks were found to be dominant over the others regardless of the changes in the sample and data fuzziness. DEA results were additionally compared to the most important financial indicators and accounting ratios, as an alternative or additional measure of banks' efficiency and profitability.