Environmental Impact of Dietary Choices: Role of the Mediterranean and Other Dietary Patterns in an Italian Cohort

被引:69
作者
Grosso, Giuseppe [1 ]
Fresan, Ujue [2 ,3 ]
Bes-Rastrollo, Maira [4 ,5 ,6 ]
Marventano, Stefano [7 ]
Galvano, Fabio [1 ]
机构
[1] Univ Catania, Dept Biomed & Biotechnol Sci, I-95123 Catania, Italy
[2] ESP, CIBER, Madrid 28029, Spain
[3] Inst Salud Publ & Laboral Navarra, Pamplona 31003, Spain
[4] Univ Navarra, Dept Prevent Med & Publ Hlth, Pamplona 31008, Spain
[5] Navarras Hlth Res Inst, IdiSNA, Pamplona 31008, Spain
[6] Inst Salud Carlos III, CIBERobn, Madrid 28029, Spain
[7] Rimini Womens Hlth, AUSL Romagna, Dept Childhood & Adolescent, I-47921 Rimini, Italy
关键词
sustainability; Mediterranean diet; DASH; Nordic diet; diet quality; dietary pattern; cohort; greenhouse gas emission; energy use; water use; FOOD FREQUENCY QUESTIONNAIRE; LIFE-STYLE; ADHERENCE; RISK; SUSTAINABILITY; CONSUMPTION; HEALTHY; QUALITY; RELIABILITY; CHALLENGES;
D O I
10.3390/ijerph17051468
中图分类号
X [环境科学、安全科学];
学科分类号
08 ; 0830 ;
摘要
Background: Current scientific literature suggests healthy dietary patterns may have less environmental impact than current consumption patterns, but most of the studies rely on theoretical modeling. The aim of this study was to assess the impact on resources (land, water, and energy) use and greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions of healthy dietary patterns in a sample of Italian adults. Methods: Participants (n = 1806) were recruited through random sampling in the city of Catania, southern Italy. Dietary consumption was assessed through a validated food frequency questionnaire (FFQ); dietary patterns were calculated through dietary scores. The specific environmental footprints of food item production/processing were obtained from various available life-cycle assessments; a sustainability score was created based on the impact of the four environmental components calculated. Results: The contribution of major food groups to the environmental footprint showed that animal products (dairy, egg, meat, and fish) represented more than half of the impact on GHG emissions and energy requirements; meat products were the stronger contributors to GHG emissions and water use, while dairy products to energy use, and cereals to land use. All patterns investigated, with the exception of the Dietary Approach to Stop Hypertension (DASH), were linearly associated with the sustainability score. Among the components, higher adherence to the Mediterranean diet and Alternate Diet Quality Index (AHEI) was associated with lower GHG emissions, dietary quality index-international (DQI-I) with land use, while Nordic diet with land and water use. Conclusions: In conclusion, the adoption of healthy dietary patterns involves less use of natural resources and GHG emissions, representing eco-friendlier options in Italian adults.
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页数:13
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