The ALICE TPC, a large 3-dimensional tracking device with fast readout for ultra-high multiplicity events

被引：483

作者：

Alme, J. ^{[2
]}

Andres, Y. ^{[5
]}

Appelshaeuser, H. ^{[8
]}

Bablok, S. ^{[2
]}

Bialas, N. ^{[2
]}

Bolgen, R. ^{[2
]}

Bonnes, U. ^{[7
]}

Bramm, R. ^{[1
]}

Braun-Munzinger, P. ^{[1
,7
,13
,14
]}

Campagnolo, R. ^{[5
]}

Christiansen, P. ^{[10
]}

Dobrin, A. ^{[10
]}

Engster, C. ^{[5
]}

Fehlker, D. ^{[2
]}

Foka, Y. ^{[1
]}

Frankenfeld, U. ^{[1
]}

Gaardhoje, J. J. ^{[6
]}

Garabatos, C. ^{[1
]}

Glaessel, P. ^{[9
]}

Gutierrez, C. Gonzalez ^{[5
]}

Gros, P. ^{[10
]}

Gustafsson, H-A ^{[10
]}

Helstrup, H. ^{[3
]}

Hoch, M. ^{[5
]}

Ivanov, M. ^{[1
]}

Janik, R. ^{[4
]}

Junique, A. ^{[5
]}

Kalweit, A. ^{[7
]}

Keidel, R. ^{[15
]}

Kniege, S. ^{[8
]}

Kowalski, M. ^{[11
]}

Larsen, D. T. ^{[2
]}

Lesenechal, Y. ^{[5
]}

Lenoir, P. ^{[5
]}

Lindegaard, N. ^{[6
]}

Lippmann, C. ^{[5
]}

Mager, M. ^{[5
]}

Mast, M. ^{[5
]}

Matyja, A. ^{[11
]}

Munkejord, M. ^{[2
]}

Musa, L. ^{[5
]}

Nielsen, B. S. ^{[6
]}

Nikolic, V. ^{[12
]}

Oeschler, H. ^{[7
]}

Olsen, E. K. ^{[6
]}

Oskarsson, A. ^{[10
]}

Osterman, L. ^{[10
]}

Pikna, M. ^{[4
]}

Rehman, A. ^{[5
]}

Renault, G. ^{[6
]}

机构：

[1] GSI Helmholtzzentrum Schwerionenforsch GmbH, Darmstadt, Germany

[2] Univ Bergen, Dept Phys, Bergen, Norway

[3] Bergen Univ Coll, Fac Engn, Bergen, Norway

[4] Comenius Univ, Fac Math Phys & Informat, Bratislava, Slovakia

[5] CERN, European Org Nucl Res, CH-1211 Geneva 23, Switzerland

[6] Univ Copenhagen, Niels Bohr Inst, DK-2100 Copenhagen, Denmark

[7] Tech Univ Darmstadt, Inst Kernphys, Darmstadt, Germany

[8] Goethe Univ Frankfurt, Inst Kernphys, D-6000 Frankfurt, Germany

[9] Heidelberg Univ, Inst Phys, D-6900 Heidelberg, Germany

[10] Lund Univ, Div Expt High Energy Phys, Lund, Sweden

[11] Polish Acad Sci, Henryk Niewodniczanski Inst Nucl Phys, Krakow, Poland

[12] Rudjer Boskovic Inst, Zagreb, Croatia

[13] GSI Darmstadt, EMMI, ExtreMe Matter Inst, D-6100 Darmstadt, Germany

[14] Goethe Univ Frankfurt, Frankfurt Inst Adv Studies, Frankfurt, Germany

[15] ZTT, Fachhochschule Worms, Worms, Germany

来源：

NUCLEAR INSTRUMENTS & METHODS IN PHYSICS RESEARCH SECTION A-ACCELERATORS SPECTROMETERS DETECTORS AND ASSOCIATED EQUIPMENT | 2010年 / 622卷 / 01期

基金：

瑞典研究理事会;

关键词：

ALICE; Time Projection Chamber; LASER CALIBRATION SYSTEM; FRONT-END-ELECTRONICS; ALTRO CHIP; DETECTOR; DRIFT;

D O I：

10.1016/j.nima.2010.04.042

中图分类号：

TH7 [仪器、仪表];

学科分类号：

0804 ; 080401 ; 081102 ;

摘要：

The design, construction, and commissioning of the ALICE Time-Projection Chamber (TPC) is described. It is the main device for pattern recognition, tracking, and identification of charged particles in the ALICE experiment at the CERN LHC. The TPC is cylindrical in shape with a volume close to 90 m(3) and is operated in a 0.5T solenoidal magnetic field parallel to its axis. In this paper we describe in detail the design considerations for this detector for operation in the extreme multiplicity environment of central Pb-Pb collisions at LHC energy. The implementation of the resulting requirements into hardware (field cage, read-out chambers, electronics), infrastructure (gas and cooling system, laser-calibration system), and software led to many technical innovations which are described along with a presentation of all the major components of the detector, as currently realized. We also report on the performance achieved after completion of the first round of stand-alone calibration runs and demonstrate results close to those specified in the TPC Technical Design Report. (C) 2010 CERN for the benefit of the ALICE collaboration. Published by Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

引用

页码：316 / 367

页数：52

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