An All-Phosphate and Zero-Strain Sodium-Ion Battery Based on Na3V2(PO4)3 Cathode, NaTi2(PO4)3 Anode, and Trimethyl Phosphate Electrolyte with Intrinsic Safety and Long Lifespan

Development of intrinsically safe and long lifespan sodium-ion batteries,(SIBs) is urgently needed for large-scale energy storage applications. However, most of the currently developed SIBs suffer from insufficient cycle life and potential unsafety. Herein, we construct an all-phosphate sodium-ion battery (AP-SIB) using a Na3V2(PO4)(3) cathode, NaTi2(PO4)(3) anode, and nonflammable trimethyl phosphate (TMP) eleCtrolyte. The AP-SIB exhibits not only high safety, high rate performance, and ulttalong cycle life but' also zero-strain characteristics due to the inverse volume change of the phosphate "cathode and anode during charge and discharge cycles, offering a safer and cycle-stable M.:don technology for electric storage applications.