Functionalization of carbon nanotubes by combination of controlled radical polymerization and "grafting to" method

被引:73
作者
Abousalman-Rezvani, Zahra [1 ,2 ]
Eskandari, Parvaneh [1 ,2 ]
Roghani-Mamaqani, Hossein [1 ,2 ]
Salami-Kalajahi, Mehdi [1 ,2 ]
机构
[1] Sahand Univ Technol, Fac Polymer Engn, POB 51335-1996, Tabriz, Iran
[2] Sahand Univ Technol, Inst Polymer Mat, POB 51335-1996, Tabriz, Iran
基金
美国国家科学基金会;
关键词
Carbon nanotubes; Functionalization; Controlled radical polymerization; Grafting to method; NOVOLAC PHENOLIC RESIN; SIDEWALL FUNCTIONALIZATION; NONCOVALENT FUNCTIONALIZATION; MECHANICAL-PROPERTIES; HYBRID MATERIALS; AMBIENT-TEMPERATURE; BETA-CYCLODEXTRIN; ELECTRON-TRANSFER; CLICK CHEMISTRY; SOLVENT-FREE;
D O I
10.1016/j.cis.2020.102126
中图分类号
O64 [物理化学(理论化学)、化学物理学];
学科分类号
070304 ; 081704 ;
摘要
This paper reviews the recent advances in non-covalent and covalent tethering of small molecules and polymer chains onto carbon nanotube (CNT) and its derivatives. The functionalized CNT has recently attracted great attention because of an increasing number of its potential applications. In non-covalent functionalization of CNT, the sp(2)-hybridized network plays a crucial role. The non-covalent grafting of small molecules and polymers can mainly be carried out through hydrogen bonding and p-stacking interactions. In covalent functionalization of CNT, condensation, cycloaddition, and addition reactions play a key role. Polymer modification has been reported by using three main methods of "grafting from", "grafting through", and also "grafting to". The "grafting from" and "grafting through" rely on propagation of polymer chains in the presence of CNT modified with initiator and double bond moieties, respectively. In "grafting to" method, which is the main aim of this review, the prefabricated polymer chains are mainly grafted onto the surface using coupling reactions. The coupling reactions are used for grafting pre-fabricated polymer chains and also small molecules onto CNT. Recent studies on grafting polymer chains onto CNT via "grafting to" method have focused on the pre-fabricated polymer chains by conventional and controlled radical polymerization (CRP) methods. CRP includes reversible activation, atom transfer, degenerative (exchange) chain transfer, and reversible chain transfer mechanisms, and could result in polymer-grafted CNT with narrow polydispersity index of the grafted polymer chains. Based on the mentioned mechanisms, nitroxide-mediated polymerization, atom transfer radical polymerization, and reversible addition-fragmentation chain transfer are known as the three commonly used CRP methods. Such polymer-modified CNT has lots of applications in batteries, biomedical fields, sensors, filtration, solar cells, etc. (C) 2020 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.
引用
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页数:39
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