From Insurgent to Transgressive Citizenship: Housing, Social Movements and the Politics of Rights in Sao Paulo

This article examines the rhetoric and practice of a large social movement organised around low-income housing in the city of Sao Paulo, Brazil. Making explicit the relationship between housing and citizenship, the Uniao de Movimentos de Moradia (Alliance of Housing Movements) articulates a 'politics of rights' with which it calls on the state to uphold the constitutional right to housing, and legitimates its high-profile occupations of abandoned buildings in the centre of the city. The article engages with James Holston's historical examination of homeowners' struggles on the peripheries of Sao Paulo to assert themselves as rights-holders and to mobilise against threats of eviction. While Holston names these groups of residents 'insurgent' citizens for the way they have unsettled entrenched social inequalities, this article presents the concept of 'transgressive' citizenship to reflect the challenge the housing movement makes to the state as it uses text-based law to justify building occupations.