Exploring the Value of Radiomics Features Based on B-Mode and Contrast-Enhanced Ultrasound in Discriminating the Nature of Thyroid Nodules

Background With the improvement of ultrasound imaging resolution and the application of various new technologies, the detection rate of thyroid nodules has increased greatly in recent years. However, there are still challenges in accurately diagnosing the nature of thyroid nodules. This study aimed to evaluate the clinical application value of the radiomics features extracted from B-mode ultrasound (B-US) images combined with contrast-enhanced ultrasound (CEUS) images in the differentiation of benign and malignant thyroid nodules by comparing the diagnostic performance of four logistic models. Methods We retrospectively collected and ultimately included B-US images and CEUS images of 123 nodules from 123 patients, and then extracted the corresponding radiomics features from these images respectively. Meanwhile, a senior radiologist combined the thyroid imaging reporting and data system (TI-RADS) and the enhancement pattern of the ultrasonography to make a graded diagnosis of the malignancy of these nodules. Next, based on these radiomics features and grades, logistic regression was used to help build the models (B-US radiomics model, CEUS radiomics model, B-US+CEUS radiomics model, and TI-RADS+CEUS model). Finally, the study assessed the diagnostic performance of these radiomics features with a comparison of the area under the curve (AUC) of the receiver operating characteristic curve of four logistic models for predicting the benignity or malignancy of thyroid nodules. Results The AUC in the differential diagnosis of the nature of thyroid nodules was 0.791 for the B-US radiomics model, 0.766 for the CEUS radiomics model, 0.861 for the B-US+CEUS radiomics model, and 0.785 for the TI-RADS+CEUS model. Compared to the TI-RADS+CEUS model, there was no statistical significance observed in AUC between the B-US radiomics model, CEUS radiomics model, B-US+CEUS radiomics model, and TI-RADS+CEUS model (P>0.05). However, a significant difference was observed between the single B-US radiomics model or CEUS radiomics model and B-US+CEUS radiomics model (P<0.05). Conclusion In our study, the B-US radiomics model, CEUS radiomics model, and B-US+CEUS radiomics model demonstrated similar performance with the TI-RADS+CEUS model of senior radiologists in diagnosing the benignity or malignancy of thyroid nodules, while the B-US+CEUS radiomics model showed better diagnostic performance than single B-US radiomics model or CEUS radiomics model. It was proved that B-US radiomics features and CEUS radiomics features are of high clinical value as the combination of the two had better diagnostic performance.