A step forward toward quantum dots based perovskite solar cells in an ambient environment

The fabrication of complete quantum dot based hole and electron transport layers for perovskite solar cells is carried out with different compositions of hybrid electron transport layers including carbon and inorganic based quantum dots, in an ambient environment. The experimental efficiency of cells is plotted against the percentage composition of quantum dots in electron transport layer, and unknown efficiencies of other compositions of electron transport layer are estimated by extrapolating the graph, with a minimal set-up of only three devices. This makes it a smart minimal set-up design that extrudes maximum information in a minimum time period for a range of perovskite solar cells. The efficiency of solar cells is associated with the LUMO levels of electron transport layers including pure and hybrid materials, where the LUMO is calculated by different methods including density-functional theory calculations. This smart formulation will allow us to use minimal setups in the future to characterize multiple perovskite solar cells simultaneously.