Tableaux on k+1-cores, reduced words for affine permutations, and k-Schur expansions

The k-Young lattice Y-k is a partial order on partitions with no part larger than k. This weak subposet of the Young lattice originated (Duke Math. J. 116 (2003) 103-146) from the study of the k-Schur (k) functions s(lambda)((k)) symmetric functions that form a natural basis of the space spanned by homogeneous functions indexed by k-bounded partitions. The chains in the k-Young lattice are induced by a Pieri-type rule experimentally satisfied by the k-Schur functions. Here, using a natural bijection between k-bounded partitions and k + 1-cores, we establish an algorithm for identifying chains in the k-Young lattice with certain tableaux on k + 1 cores. This algorithm reveals that the k-young lattice is isomorphic to the weak order on the quotient of the affine symmetric group Sk+1 by a maximal parabolic subgroup. From this, the conjectured k-Pieri rule implies that the k-Kostka matrix connecting the homogeneous basis {h(lambda)} (lambda is an element of Yk) to {s(lambda)((k))} (lambda is an element of Yk) may now be obtained by counting appropriate classes of tableaux on k + 1-cores. This suggests that the conjecturally positive k-Schur expansion coefficients for Macdonald polynomials (reducing to q, t-Kostka polynomials for large k) could be described by a q, t-statistic on these tableaux, or equivalently on reduced words for affine permutations. (c) 2005 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.