Investigation of the fine structure of antihydrogen

被引：43

作者：

Ahmadi, M. ^{[1
]}

Alves, B. X. R. ^{[2
]}

Baker, C. J. ^{[3
]}

Bertsche, W. ^{[4
,5
]}

Capra, A. ^{[6
]}

Carruth, C. ^{[7
]}

Cesar, C. L. ^{[8
]}

Charlton, M. ^{[3
]}

Cohen, S. ^{[9
]}

Collister, R. ^{[6
]}

Eriksson, S. ^{[3
]}

Evans, A. ^{[10
]}

Evetts, N. ^{[11
]}

Fajans, J. ^{[7
]}

Friesen, T. ^{[2
,10
]}

Fujiwara, M. C. ^{[6
]}

Gill, D. R. ^{[6
]}

Granum, P. ^{[2
]}

Hangst, J. S. ^{[2
]}

Hardy, W. N. ^{[11
]}

Hayden, M. E. ^{[12
]}

Hunter, E. D. ^{[7
]}

Isaac, C. A. ^{[3
]}

Johnson, M. A. ^{[4
,5
]}

Jones, J. M. ^{[3
]}

Jones, S. A. ^{[2
,3
]}

Jonsell, S. ^{[13
]}

Khramov, A. ^{[6
,11
]}

Knapp, P. ^{[3
]}

Kurchaninov, L. ^{[6
]}

Madsen, N. ^{[3
]}

Maxwell, D. ^{[3
]}

McKenna, J. T. K. ^{[2
,6
]}

Menary, S. ^{[14
]}

Michan, J. M. ^{[6
,15
]}

Momose, T. ^{[11
,16
]}

Munich, J. J. ^{[12
]}

Olchanski, K. ^{[6
]}

Olin, A. ^{[6
,17
]}

Pusa, P. ^{[1
]}

Rasmussen, C. O. ^{[2
]}

Robicheaux, F. ^{[18
]}

Sacramento, R. L. ^{[8
]}

Sameed, M. ^{[4
]}

Sarid, E. ^{[19
]}

Silveira, D. M. ^{[8
]}

So, C. ^{[6
,10
]}

Starko, D. M. ^{[14
]}

Stutter, G. ^{[2
]}

Tharp, T. D. ^{[19
,20
]}

机构：

[1] Univ Liverpool, Dept Phys, Liverpool, England

[2] Aarhus Univ, Dept Phys & Astron, Aarhus, Denmark

[3] Swansea Univ, Dept Phys, Coll Sci, Swansea, Wales

[4] Univ Manchester, Sch Phys & Astron, Manchester, England

[5] Cockcroft Inst, Warrington, England

[6] TRIUMF, Vancouver, BC, Canada

[7] Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Phys, Berkeley, CA USA

[8] Univ Fed Rio de Janeiro, Inst Fis, Rio De Janeiro, Brazil

[9] Ben Gurion Univ Negev, Dept Phys, Beer Sheva, Israel

[10] Univ Calgary, Dept Phys & Astron, Calgary, AB, Canada

[11] Univ British Columbia, Dept Phys & Astron, Vancouver, BC, Canada

[12] Simon Fraser Univ, Dept Phys, Burnaby, BC, Canada

[13] Stockholm Univ, Dept Phys, Stockholm, Sweden

[14] York Univ, Dept Phys & Astron, Toronto, ON, Canada

[15] Ecole Polytech Fed Lausanne, SPC, Lausanne, Switzerland

[16] Univ British Columbia, Dept Chem, Vancouver, BC, Canada

[17] Univ Victoria, Dept Phys & Astron, Victoria, BC, Canada

[18] Purdue Univ, Dept Phys & Astron, W Lafayette, IN USA

[19] Soreq NRC, Yavne, Israel

[20] Marquette Univ, Phys Dept, Milwaukee, WI USA

[21] CEA Saclay, IRFU, Gif Sur Yvette, France

来源：

NATURE | 2020年 / 578卷 / 7795期

基金：

英国科学技术设施理事会; 英国工程与自然科学研究理事会;

关键词：

HYDROGEN; SPECTRUM; SIZE;

D O I：

10.1038/s41586-020-2006-5

中图分类号：

O [数理科学和化学]; P [天文学、地球科学]; Q [生物科学]; N [自然科学总论];

学科分类号：

07 ; 0710 ; 09 ;

摘要：

At the historic Shelter Island Conference on the Foundations of Quantum Mechanics in 1947, Willis Lamb reported an unexpected feature in the fine structure of atomic hydrogen: a separation of the 2S(1/2) and 2P(1/2) states(1). The observation of this separation, now known as the Lamb shift, marked an important event in the evolution of modern physics, inspiring others to develop the theory of quantum electrodynamics(2-5). Quantum electrodynamics also describes antimatter, but it has only recently become possible to synthesize and trap atomic antimatter to probe its structure. Mirroring the historical development of quantum atomic physics in the twentieth century, modern measurements on anti-atoms represent a unique approach for testing quantum electrodynamics and the foundational symmetries of the standard model. Here we report measurements of the fine structure in the n = 2 states of antihydrogen, the antimatter counterpart of the hydrogen atom. Using optical excitation of the 1S-2P Lyman-alpha transitions in antihydrogen(6), we determine their frequencies in a magnetic field of 1 tesla to a precision of 16 parts per billion. Assuming the standard Zeeman and hyperfine interactions, we infer the zero-field fine-structure splitting (2P(1/2)-2P(3/2)) in antihydrogen. The resulting value is consistent with the predictions of quantum electrodynamics to a precision of 2 per cent. Using our previously measured value of the 1S-2S transition frequency(6,7), we find that the classic Lamb shift in antihydrogen (2S(1/2)-2P(1/2) splitting at zero field) is consistent with theory at a level of 11 per cent. Our observations represent an important step towards precision measurements of the fine structure and the Lamb shift in the antihydrogen spectrum as tests of the charge-parity-time symmetry(8) and towards the determination of other fundamental quantities, such as the antiproton charge radius(9,10), in this antimatter system. Precision measurements of the 1S-2P transition in antihydrogen that take into account the standard Zeeman and hyperfine effects confirm the predictions of quantum electrodynamics.

引用

页码：375 / +

页数：10

共 42 条

[1] Observation of the 1S-2P Lyman-α transition in antihydrogen [J].

Ahmadi, M. ;

Alves, B. X. R. ;

Baker, C. J. ;

Bertsche, W. ;

Capra, A. ;

Carruth, C. ;

Cesar, C. L. ;

Charlton, M. ;

Cohen, S. ;

Collister, R. ;

Eriksson, S. ;

Evans, A. ;

Evetts, N. ;

Fajans, J. ;

Friesen, T. ;

Fujiwara, M. C. ;

Gill, D. R. ;

Hangst, J. S. ;

Hardy, W. N. ;

Hayden, M. E. ;

Hunter, E. D. ;

Isaac, C. A. ;

Johnson, M. A. ;

Jones, J. M. ;

Jones, S. A. ;

Jonsell, S. ;

Khramov, A. ;

Knapp, P. ;

Kurchaninov, L. ;

Madsen, N. ;

Maxwell, D. ;

McKenna, J. T. K. ;

Menary, S. ;

Michan, J. M. ;

Momose, T. ;

Munich, J. J. ;

Olchanski, K. ;

Olin, A. ;

Pusa, P. ;

Rasmussen, C. O. ;

Robicheaux, F. ;

Sacramento, R. L. ;

Sameed, M. ;

Sarid, E. ;

Silveira, D. M. ;

Starko, D. M. ;

Stutter, G. ;

So, C. ;

Tharp, T. D. ;

Thompson, R. I. .

NATURE, 2018, 561 (7722) :211-+

[2] Characterization of the 1S-2S transition in antihydrogen [J].

Ahmadi, M. ;

Alves, B. X. R. ;

Baker, C. J. ;

Bertsche, W. ;

Capra, A. ;

Carruth, C. ;

Cesar, C. L. ;

Charlton, M. ;

Cohen, S. ;

Collister, R. ;

Eriksson, S. ;

Evans, A. ;

Evetts, N. ;

Fajans, J. ;

Friesen, T. ;

Fujiwara, M. C. ;

Gill, D. R. ;

Hangst, J. S. ;

Hardy, W. N. ;

Hayden, M. E. ;

Isaac, C. A. ;

Johnson, M. A. ;

Jones, J. M. ;

Jones, S. A. ;

Jonsell, S. ;

Khramov, A. ;

Knapp, P. ;

Kurchaninov, L. ;

Madsen, N. ;

Maxwell, D. ;

McKenna, J. T. K. ;

Menary, S. ;

Momose, T. ;

Munich, J. J. ;

Olchanski, K. ;

Olin, A. ;

Pusa, P. ;

Rasmussen, C. O. ;

Robicheaux, F. ;

Sacramento, R. L. ;

Sameed, M. ;

Sarid, E. ;

Silveira, D. M. ;

Stutter, G. ;

So, C. ;

Tharp, T. D. ;

Thompson, R. I. ;

van der Werf, D. P. ;

Wurtele, J. S. .

NATURE, 2018, 557 (7703) :71-+

[3] Enhanced Control and Reproducibility of Non-Neutral Plasmas [J].

Ahmadi, M. ;

Alves, B. X. R. ;

Baker, C. J. ;

Bertsche, W. ;

Capra, A. ;

Carruth, C. ;

Cesar, C. L. ;

Charlton, M. ;

Cohen, S. ;

Collister, R. ;

Eriksson, S. ;

Evans, A. ;

Evetts, N. ;

Fajans, J. ;

Friesen, T. ;

Fujiwara, M. C. ;

Gill, D. R. ;

Hangst, J. S. ;

Hardy, W. N. ;

Hayden, M. E. ;

Isaac, C. A. ;

Johnson, M. A. ;

Jones, S. A. ;

Jonsell, S. ;

Kurchaninov, L. ;

Madsen, N. ;

Mathers, M. ;

Maxwell, D. ;

McKenna, J. T. K. ;

Menary, S. ;

Momose, T. ;

Munich, J. J. ;

Olchanski, K. ;

Olin, A. ;

Pusa, P. ;

Rasmussen, C. O. ;

Robicheaux, F. ;

Sacramento, R. L. ;

Sameed, M. ;

Sarid, E. ;

Silveira, D. M. ;

So, C. ;

Stutter, G. ;

Tharp, T. D. ;

Thompson, J. E. ;

Thompson, R. I. ;

van der Werf, D. P. ;

Wurtele, J. S. .

PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS, 2018, 120 (02)

[4] Antihydrogen accumulation for fundamental symmetry tests [J].

Ahmadi, M. ;

Alves, B. X. R. ;

Baker, C. J. ;

Bertsche, W. ;

Butler, E. ;

Capra, A. ;

Carruth, C. ;

Cesar, C. L. ;

Charlton, M. ;

Cohen, S. ;

Collister, R. ;

Eriksson, S. ;

Evans, A. ;

Evetts, N. ;

Fajans, J. ;

Friesen, T. ;

Fujiwara, M. C. ;

Gill, D. R. ;

Gutierrez, A. ;

Hangst, J. S. ;

Hardy, W. N. ;

Hayden, M. E. ;

Isaac, C. A. ;

Ishida, A. ;

Johnson, M. A. ;

Jones, S. A. ;

Jonsell, S. ;

Kurchaninov, L. ;

Madsen, N. ;

Mathers, M. ;

Maxwell, D. ;

McKenna, J. T. K. ;

Menary, S. ;

Michan, J. M. ;

Momose, T. ;

Munich, J. J. ;

Nolan, P. ;

Olchanski, K. ;

Olin, A. ;

Pusa, P. ;

Rasmussen, C. O. ;

Robicheaux, F. ;

Sacramento, R. L. ;

Sameed, M. ;

Sarid, E. ;

Silveira, D. M. ;

Stracka, S. ;

Stutter, G. ;

So, C. ;

Tharp, T. D. .

NATURE COMMUNICATIONS, 2017, 8

[5] Observation of the hyperfine spectrum of antihydrogen [J].

Ahmadi, M. ;

Alves, B. X. R. ;

Baker, C. J. ;

Bertsche, W. ;

Butler, E. ;

Capra, A. ;

Carruth, C. ;

Cesar, C. L. ;

Charlton, M. ;

Cohen, S. ;

Collister, R. ;

Eriksson, S. ;

Evans, A. ;

Evetts, N. ;

Fajans, J. ;

Friesen, T. ;

Fujiwara, M. C. ;

Gill, D. R. ;

Gutierrez, A. ;

Hangst, J. S. ;

Hardy, W. N. ;

Hayden, M. E. ;

Isaac, C. A. ;

Ishida, A. ;

Johnson, M. A. ;

Jones, S. A. ;

Jonsell, S. ;

Kurchaninov, L. ;

Madsen, N. ;

Mathers, M. ;

Maxwell, D. ;

McKenna, J. T. K. ;

Menary, S. ;

Michan, J. M. ;

Momose, T. ;

Munich, J. J. ;

Nolan, P. ;

Olchanski, K. ;

Olin, A. ;

Pusa, P. ;

Rasmussen, C. O. ;

Robicheaux, F. ;

Sacramento, R. L. ;

Sameed, M. ;

Sarid, E. ;

Silveira, D. M. ;

Stracka, S. ;

Stutter, G. ;

So, C. ;

Tharp, T. D. .

NATURE, 2017, 548 (7665) :66-+

[6] Observation of the 1S-2S transition in trapped antihydrogen [J].

Ahmadi, M. ;

Alves, B. X. R. ;

Baker, C. J. ;

Bertsche, W. ;

Butler, E. ;

Capra, A. ;

Carruth, C. ;

Cesar, C. L. ;

Charlton, M. ;

Cohen, S. ;

Collister, R. ;

Eriksson, S. ;

Evans, A. ;

Evetts, N. ;

Fajans, J. ;

Friesen, T. ;

Fujiwara, M. C. ;

Gill, D. R. ;

Gutierrez, A. ;

Hangst, J. S. ;

Hardy, W. N. ;

Hayden, M. E. ;

Isaac, C. A. ;

Ishida, A. ;

Johnson, M. A. ;

Jones, S. A. ;

Jonsell, S. ;

Kurchaninov, L. ;

Madsen, N. ;

Mathers, M. ;

Maxwell, D. ;

McKenna, J. T. K. ;

Menary, S. ;

Michan, J. M. ;

Momose, T. ;

Munich, J. J. ;

Nolan, P. ;

Olchanski, K. ;

Olin, A. ;

Pusa, P. ;

Rasmussen, C. O. ;

Robicheaux, F. ;

Sacramento, R. L. ;

Sameed, M. ;

Sarid, E. ;

Silveira, D. M. ;

Stracka, S. ;

Stutter, G. ;

So, C. ;

Tharp, T. D. .

NATURE, 2017, 541 (7638) :506-512

[7] In situ electromagnetic field diagnostics with an electron plasma in a Penning-Malmberg trap [J].

Amole, C. ;

Ashkezari, M. D. ;

Baquero-Ruiz, M. ;

Bertsche, W. ;

Butler, E. ;

Capra, A. ;

Cesar, C. L. ;

Charlton, M. ;

Deller, A. ;

Evetts, N. ;

Eriksson, S. ;

Fajans, J. ;

Friesen, T. ;

Fujiwara, M. C. ;

Gill, D. R. ;

Gutierrez, A. ;

Hangst, J. S. ;

Hardy, W. N. ;

Hayden, M. E. ;

Isaac, C. A. ;

Jonsell, S. ;

Kurchaninov, L. ;

Little, A. ;

Madsen, N. ;

McKenna, J. T. K. ;

Menary, S. ;

Napoli, S. C. ;

Olchanski, K. ;

Olin, A. ;

Pusa, P. ;

Rasmussen, C. O. ;

Robicheaux, F. ;

Sarid, E. ;

Silveira, D. M. ;

So, C. ;

Stracka, S. ;

Tharp, T. ;

Thompson, R. I. ;

van der Werf, D. P. ;

Wurtele, J. S. .

NEW JOURNAL OF PHYSICS, 2014, 16

[8]

Andresen GB, 2011, NAT PHYS, V7, P558, DOI [10.1038/nphys2025, 10.1038/NPHYS2025]

[9] Trapped antihydrogen [J].

Andresen, G. B. ;

Ashkezari, M. D. ;

Baquero-Ruiz, M. ;

Bertsche, W. ;

Bowe, P. D. ;

Butler, E. ;

Cesar, C. L. ;

Chapman, S. ;

Charlton, M. ;

Deller, A. ;

Eriksson, S. ;

Fajans, J. ;

Friesen, T. ;

Fujiwara, M. C. ;

Gill, D. R. ;

Gutierrez, A. ;

Hangst, J. S. ;

Hardy, W. N. ;

Hayden, M. E. ;

Humphries, A. J. ;

Hydomako, R. ;

Jenkins, M. J. ;

Jonsell, S. ;

Jorgensen, L. V. ;

Kurchaninov, L. ;

Madsen, N. ;

Menary, S. ;

Nolan, P. ;

Olchanski, K. ;

Olin, A. ;

Povilus, A. ;

Pusa, P. ;

Robicheaux, F. ;

Sarid, E. ;

el Nasr, S. Seif ;

Silveira, D. M. ;

So, C. ;

Storey, J. W. ;

Thompson, R. I. ;

van der Werf, D. P. ;

Wurtele, J. S. ;

Yamazaki, Y. .

NATURE, 2010, 468 (7324) :673-U1

[10] The Rydberg constant and proton size from atomic hydrogen [J].

Beyer, Axel ;

Maisenbacher, Lothar ;

Matveev, Arthur ;

Pohl, Randolf ;

Khabarova, Ksenia ;

Grinin, Alexey ;

Lamour, Tobias ;

Yost, Dylan C. ;

Hansch, Theodor W. ;

Kolachevsky, Nikolai ;

Udem, Thomas .

SCIENCE, 2017, 358 (6359) :79-+

← 1 2 3 4 5 →