Role of cytokines and adhesion molecules in ischemia and reperfusion in patients with acute myocardial infarction

Although acute myocardial infarction (AMI) may involve both plaque rupture and ischemia-reperfusion injury, the pathogenesis of these phenomena is unclear. To elucidate the pathogenesis of AMI, serial measurements of platelet activating factor (PAF), interleukin-ti and cell adhesion molecules were made in patients with AMI. The PAF levels were measured upon hospital admission and at 24 and 72 h in 8 patients with AMI. Serum levels of interleukin-6, soluble E-selectin (sE-selectin), soluble intercellular adhesion molecule-1 and soluble Vascular cell adhesion molecule-1 (sVCAM-1) were measured upon admission and at 24 h and 4 weeks in 30 patients with AMI and 15 patients with stable effort angina, PAF levels were higher in patients with AMI than in normal volunteers; the increased levels lasting at least 72 h. In contrast, interleukin-6 increased at 24 h, sE-selectin was elevated at admission and sVCAM-1 increased later. sE-selectin levels upon admission in patients with additional ST-segment elevation after reperfusion were significantly higher than those in patients without ST-elevation. In patients with AMI, the time-course of changes in blood levels of cytokines varied according to the individual substances. Although it Is unclear what is the precise role of each of the cytokines in the pathophysiology of AMI, sE-selectin may be possibly related to the reperfusion injury in the infarcted myocardium.