Evaluating in Situ Water and Soil Conservation Practices with a Fully Coupled, Surface/Subsurface Process-Based Hydrological Model in Tigray, Ethiopia

In situ water and soil conservation (WSC) practices are a promising intervention to improve rainwater management particularly in the semi-arid to dry sub-humid tropics. This study applies a fully coupled surface-subsurface process-based model (HydroGeoSphere) to simulate in detail rainwater partitioning as affected by two in situ WSC practices [terwah+ (TER+) and derdero+ (DER+)] currently under study on Vertisols in Tigray, Ethiopia and to evaluate the treatments in terms of rainwater partitioning. In the TER+ practice, contour furrows of 0.2 m wide and 0.1 m deep are created at 1.5 m intervals between permanent broad beds, whereas in DER+, permanent raised beds 0.6 m wide with furrows 0.2 m wide and 0.1 m deep are created, to minimize runoff and water logging. The model accurately reproduced measured surface runoff (e.g. in DER+: Nash-Sutcliffe model efficiency E=0.6 for calibration and 0.7 for verification) and soil moisture content (DER+: E=0.6 for calibration and 0.8 for verification). Runoff depth was lowest under DER+ (50mm) followed by TER+ (67mm) and significantly higher in conventional tillage (CT) (160 mm). Simulated transpiration, evaporation and drainage out of the root zone were all higher under DER+ and TER+ compared with CT. The effects of DER+ and TER+ practices on rainwater partitioning were more pronounced in wet years than in dry years. The model proved to be a promising and versatile tool to assess the impact of WSC practices on rainwater partitioning at the field scale. Copyright (c) 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.