Bioactive Composite Nonwoven Surgical Dressing based on Cellulose Coated with Nanofiber Membrane using the layer-by-layer technique

Nonwoven fabric with a cellulosic base has many features, including the ability to absorb biological fluids and can easily adapt to different types and locations of wounds, which makes it common and unique in surgical dressing. The study aimed to design different samples made of one layer and two layers of nonwoven fabrics for the inner layer of deep endoscopic wound dressings to control the biological fluid leakage. 100% cotton, 100% viscose, and viscose/polyester (70:30) were used as one-layer samples, and the two different materials were used interchangeably to design the two-layer (layer-by-layer) samples. One-layer samples were dyed using green coffee extraction, while the two-layer samples were enhanced by adding powdered green coffee between them, as an innovative use in the surgical dressing applications. An electrospinning technique was used to form a delicate membrane of Ciprofloxacin (CIP) antibiotic and Kylie Collagen to coat the single-layer samples without coffee dyeing to compare their performance with the dyed samples. Also, to compare the results of the two layers of samples that were enhanced with green coffee powder with and without the coating nanofibers membrane, Designed samples were evaluated for mechanical and physical properties for nonwoven fabrics, in addition to FTIR, SEM, absorbency and antimicrobial activity, and K/S, especially for dyed samples, and finally cytotoxicity for CIP, Kylie collagen, and green coffee. The results pointed to the fact that the dyed one-layer samples with green coffee extraction achieved a high-performance function for air permeability and antimicrobial activity, while the layer-by-layer samples that were enhanced by adding green coffee powder showed improvement for strength, absorbency properties, and antimicrobial activity, especially for the samples made of cotton/viscose layers and viscose/viscose blended polyester layers, followed by the sample of cotton/viscose blended polyester layers that were coated with 0.1wt% CIP antibiotic and the Kylie Collagen membrane.