Biological sex classification with structural MRI data shows increased misclassification in transgender women

被引:11
作者
Flint, Claas [1 ,2 ]
Foerster, Katharina [1 ]
Koser, Sophie A. [1 ]
Konrad, Carsten [3 ]
Zwitserlood, Pienie [4 ]
Berger, Klaus [5 ]
Hermesdorf, Marco [5 ]
Kircher, Tilo [6 ]
Krug, Axel [6 ]
Baune, Bernhard T. [1 ,7 ,8 ]
Dohm, Katharina [1 ]
Redlich, Ronny [1 ]
Opel, Nils [1 ]
Arolt, Volker [1 ]
Hahn, Tim [1 ]
Jiang, Xiaoyi [2 ]
Dannlowski, Udo [1 ]
Grotegerd, Dominik [1 ]
Nenadic, Igor [6 ]
机构
[1] Univ Munster, Dept Psychiat, Albert Schweitzer Campus 1,A9, D-48149 Munster, Germany
[2] Univ Munster, Dept Comp Sci, Einsteinstr 62, D-48149 Munster, Germany
[3] Agaplesion Diakonieklinikum, Dept Psychiat & Psychotherapy, D-27356 Rotenburg, Germany
[4] Univ Munster, Dept Psychol, Fliednerstr 21, D-48149 Munster, Germany
[5] Univ Munster, Dept Epidemiol & Social Med, Albert Schweitzer Campus 1,D3, D-48149 Munster, Germany
[6] Univ Marburg, Dept Psychiat & Psychotherapy, Marburg, Germany
[7] Univ Melbourne, Melbourne Med Sch, Dept Psychiat, Parkville, Vic, Australia
[8] Univ Melbourne, Florey Inst Neurosci & Mental Hlth, Parkville, Vic, Australia
关键词
FEMALE-TO-MALE; GRAY-MATTER; HUMAN BRAIN; GENDER-DIFFERENCES; HORMONE-TREATMENT; WHITE-MATTER; DIFFERENTIATION; COHORT;
D O I
10.1038/s41386-020-0666-3
中图分类号
Q189 [神经科学];
学科分类号
071006 ;
摘要
Transgender individuals (TIs) show brain-structural alterations that differ from their biological sex as well as their perceived gender. To substantiate evidence that the brain structure of TIs differs from male and female, we use a combined multivariate and univariate approach. Gray matter segments resulting from voxel-based morphometry preprocessing of N = 1753 cisgender (CG) healthy participants were used to train (N = 1402) and validate (20% holdout N = 351) a support-vector machine classifying the biological sex. As a second validation, we classified N = 1104 patients with depression. A third validation was performed using the matched CG sample of the transgender women (TW) application sample. Subsequently, the classifier was applied to N = 26 TW. Finally, we compared brain volumes of CG-men, women, and TW-pre/post treatment cross-sex hormone treatment (CHT) in a univariate analysis controlling for sexual orientation, age, and total brain volume. The application of our biological sex classifier to the transgender sample resulted in a significantly lower true positive rate (TPR-male = 56.0%). The TPR did not differ between CG-individuals with (TPR-male = 86.9%) and without depression (TPR-male = 88.5%). The univariate analysis of the transgender application-sample revealed that TW-pre/post treatment show brain-structural differences from CG-women and CG-men in the putamen and insula, as well as the whole-brain analysis. Our results support the hypothesis that brain structure in TW differs from brain structure of their biological sex (male) as well as their perceived gender (female). This finding substantiates evidence that TIs show specific brain-structural alterations leading to a different pattern of brain structure than CG-individuals.
引用
收藏
页码:1758 / 1765
页数:8
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