Hybrid concentrated solar biomass (HCSB) systems for cogeneration: Techno-economic analysis for beef abattoirs in New South Wales, Australia

The clean energy transition and commitments to achieve net-zero greenhouse gas emissions by mid-century are most challenging for energy-intensive industries, like meat processing, that have traditionally relied on fossil fuels for heat and power. This study examines technical design options of combined heat and power (CHP) systems for beef abattoirs. Specifically, we investigate the technical and economic viability of a novel hybrid concentrated solar biomass (HCSB) system for a major beef abattoir in Australia. Two prospective design options are presented: The first considers an organic Rankine cycle (ORC) system integrated to a concentrated solar power (CSP) plant and an existing biomass boiler. The second option consists of a hybrid combined cycle (HCC) system fed by an existing biomass boiler, a solar thermal system and biogas, from anaerobic digestion (AD) of liquid waste streams of the abattoir. The two design options are simulated, considering operational modes and energy demand of the abattoir. Costs of energy generation [AU$/MWh] and emission abatement potential [tCO(2-e)], for different solar field sizes [ha], are discussed for both cases. The simple retrofit ORC HCSB solution is characterized by easy integration, but can only cover a fraction of the required electricity. The more sophisticated HCC HCSB system presents a more economical solution, as it can provide 100% renewable heat at a cost of 66.0 AU$/MWhth; and up to 65% of electricity at a cost of 151.7 AU$/MWh(el). The findings of this study highlight the opportunity for HCSB plants for industries with low- to medium (40-250 degrees C) heating demand.